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Erzurum
ERZURUM
Erzurum is an ancient frontier town that historically was a site of contestation between Byzantium and Persia, Byzantium and the Arabs, and the Ottoman and Safavi empires. Erzurum is located in a high valley 2078 yards (1,900 meters) of the Kara Su and Aras rivers. During the Ottoman period, the town had a large Armenian population, but the community was forcibly deported during the Armenian genocide of 1915. Later, Erzurum was the site of the first nationalist congress in 1919, which was attended by Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) and issued the declaration of the Turkish war of independence from Allied occupation. Modern Erzurum has grown into the major urban center of eastern Turkey, with a population of 565,516 (census of 2000). It is the site of a large military base and Atatürk University, and is a trade center, especially for local products such as iron, copper, sugar, grain, cattle, and leather. See also Armenian Genocide; AtatÜrk, Mustafa Kemal; Erzurum Congress (1919). Bibliography"Erzurum." Available at <http://www.allaboutturkey.com/erzurum.htm>. elizabeth thompson updated by eric hooglund |
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Cite this article
Thompson, Elizabeth. "Erzurum." Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. Thompson, Elizabeth. "Erzurum." Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3424600900.html Thompson, Elizabeth. "Erzurum." Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. 2004. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3424600900.html |
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Erzurum
Erzurum, Turkey Camacha, Theodosiopolis, Arzan ar‐Rūm An ancient settlement called Camacha on which was built a Byzantine fortress in 443 named after either Theodosius I the Great (347–95), Roman Emperor of the East (379–92) and both of the East and the West (392–5), or, more likely, Theodosius II (401–50), Roman Emperor of the East (408–50). The fortress‐city fell to the Arabs in 635, to the Seljuk Turks in 1071, and in 1515 it was taken by the Ottoman Turks under Selîm I the Grim (1470–1520), Sultan (1512–20). The Arabs called it Arzan ar‐Rūm ‘The Land of the Romans’, that is, the Byzantine Christians, and the Turks retained the name from which the present one is derived.
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Cite this article
JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Erzurum." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Erzurum." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Erzurum.html JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Erzurum." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Erzurum.html |
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Erzurum
Erzurum or Erzerum , city (1990 pop. 241,344), capital of Erzurum prov., E Turkey. It is an agricultural trade center and a railroad center. Agricultural products include sugar beets, wheat, barley, and vegetables. Metal and leather handicrafts are also produced. Although its origins are obscure, the city was known in the 5th cent. AD as Theodosiopolis, an important Byzantine frontier fortress. It was later held by various peoples, including the Armenians, Persians, and Seljuk Turks, before being captured by the Ottoman Turks in the early 16th cent. The first Turkish Nationalist congress was held there in 1919. In 1983 an earthquake caused extensive damage in and around the city and killed more than 1,300 people. It is the site of Atatürk Univ. |
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Cite this article
"Erzurum." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Erzurum." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Erzurum.html "Erzurum." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Erzurum.html |
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