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Edward Hyde Clarendon, 1st earl of
Edward Hyde Clarendon, 1st earl of , 1609–74, English statesman and historian. Elected (1640) to the Short and Long parliaments, he was at first associated with the opposition to Charles I and helped prepare the impeachment of the earl of Strafford. The increasing radicalism of the opposition, however, led him to offer his services to the king, whom he aided by drafting a reply to the Grand Remonstrance. After the outbreak of the civil war, Hyde was appointed (1643) chancellor of the exchequer, and he represented (1645) Charles in the unsuccessful Uxbridge negotiations to end the war. Hyde followed Prince Charles (later Charles II ) into exile in 1646 and became one of his chief advisers. Pursuing Hyde's policy, Charles awaited the appearance of a strong, friendly faction in England and successfully negotiated his own restoration (1660) without foreign aid. After Charles's return to England, Hyde became (1660) lord chancellor and was created earl of Clarendon (1661). Clarendon hoped to achieve a lenient religious settlement that would conciliate the Puritans, but his wishes were overborne by the militantly Anglican Cavalier Parliament, which passed the unjustly named Clarendon Code . He was blamed by the public for the sale (1662) of Dunkirk to the French and for the second Dutch War (which he opposed), and he was unpopular with the licentious Restoration court. In 1667, Charles dismissed him from office, using him as a scapegoat for military failures and financial breakdown in the Dutch War. Impeachment proceedings were begun, and Clarendon fled England to live the remainder of his life in exile. As a statesman he was consistent and moderate, never wavering from his early views on constitutional monarchy but blind to new political forces created by the English civil war. Through the marriage (1660) of his daughter Anne to the duke of York (later James II), Clarendon was the grandfather of two queens, Mary II and Anne. His renowned History of the Rebellion (standard ed., 6 vol., 1888), written partly from memory and partly from documents, is an indispensable account of the civil war.
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"Edward Hyde Clarendon, 1st earl of." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Edward Hyde Clarendon, 1st earl of." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-ClarendoE.html "Edward Hyde Clarendon, 1st earl of." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-ClarendoE.html |
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Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st earl of
Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st earl of (1609–74). Constitutionalism and the rule of law provided the guiding principles of Clarendon's life. In the first session of the Long Parliament, 1640–1, he led the attack on Charles I's prerogative courts, but in the second he perceived John Pym's radical policies as an equal threat to constitutional liberties and religious order. He co-authored Charles's declarations, joining him at York in May 1642. In 1643 as privy counsellor and chancellor of the Exchequer he persuaded Charles to convoke a parliament of royalist peers and MPs at Oxford to offset the absolutist advice of courtiers and soldiers. Similarly as adviser to the exiled Charles II he counselled him not to owe his restoration to Scottish, French, or Spanish intervention purchased by the abandonment of the Church of England.
In 1660 he became earl and lord chancellor. He did not think it proper to act as a prime minister, but his pregnant daughter Anne's marriage to James, duke of York, provoked charges that he dominated the royal family. Nor would he engage in systematic parliamentary management. He opposed all governmental innovations and the second Anglo-Dutch War, and lost control over junior ministers who combined against him when the war ended in failure. Charles cynically abandoned him, encouraging his impeachment. Clarendon fled to France, where he completed his monumental History of the Rebellion. J. R. Jones |
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JOHN CANNON. "Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st earl of." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st earl of." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-ClarendonEdwardHyde1strlf.html JOHN CANNON. "Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st earl of." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-ClarendonEdwardHyde1strlf.html |
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Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of
Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of (1609–74) English statesman and historian. He began his political career in the Short and Long Parliaments as an opponent of royal authority, but in 1641 he refused to support the Grand Remonstrance, changed sides, and became a trusted adviser of Charles I, and later of Charles II, with whom he shared exile. At the RESTORATION Charles II made him Lord Chancellor; he helped to carry out the king's conciliatory policies, and his influence reached its peak when his daughter Anne married the heir apparent, James, Duke of York. Clarendon had little sympathy with the so-called Clarendon Code (1661–65), a series of laws aimed at Roman Catholics and dissenters, but he enforced them against the king's wishes. He was popularly blamed for the naval disasters of the second ANGLO-DUTCH WAR. He fell from power in 1667 and fled to France to avoid impeachment. His History of the Rebellion (published 1702–04) is a masterly account of the English Civil War, written from a royalist standpoint but with a considerable degree of objectivity.
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"Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-ClarendonEdwardHyde1strlf.html "Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-ClarendonEdwardHyde1strlf.html |
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Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st earl of
Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st earl of (1609–74). In the first session of the Long Parliament, 1640–1, Hyde led the attack on Charles I's prerogative courts, but in the second he perceived John Pym's policies as an equal threat to constitutional liberties. He co‐authored Charles's declarations, joining him at York in May 1642. In 1643 as privy counsellor and chancellor of the Exchequer he persuaded Charles to convoke a parliament at Oxford. Similarly as adviser to the exiled Charles II he counselled him not to owe his restoration to foreign intervention.
In 1660 he became earl and lord chancellor. His pregnant daughter Anne's marriage to James, duke of York, provoked charges that he dominated the royal family. He opposed the second Anglo‐Dutch War. But when the war ended in failure, Charles abandoned him, encouraging his impeachment. Clarendon fled to France, where he completed his monumental History of the Rebellion. |
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Cite this article
JOHN CANNON. "Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st earl of." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st earl of." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-ClarendonEdwardHyde1strlf.html JOHN CANNON. "Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st earl of." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-ClarendonEdwardHyde1strlf.html |
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Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of
Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of (1609–74) English statesman and historian. A leading adviser to Charles I, he joined Charles II in exile, and negotiated the Restoration (1660). As chief minister to Charles II, he initiated (but disapproved of) four statutes collectively known as the Clarendon Code. The statutes restricted gatherings of Puritans and Nonconformists, and the movement of their ministers. In addition, municipal and church officers were required to be professed Anglicans, and all ministers were forced to use the Anglican Book of Common Prayer. Following disagreements with Charles II he was impeached and forced into exile in 1667, where he completed his History of the Rebellion and wrote an autobiography. See also Nonconformism
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"Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-ClarendonEdwardHyde1strlf.html "Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-ClarendonEdwardHyde1strlf.html |
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Edward Hyde
Edward Hyde see Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st earl of . |
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Cite this article
"Edward Hyde." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Edward Hyde." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-X-Hyde-Edw.html "Edward Hyde." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-X-Hyde-Edw.html |
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Hyde, Edward
Hyde, Edward see CLARENDON, EDWARD HYDE, EARL OF.
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Cite this article
"Hyde, Edward." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Hyde, Edward." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-HydeEdward.html "Hyde, Edward." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-HydeEdward.html |
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Hyde, Edward
Hyde, Edward, see Clarendon.
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MARGARET DRABBLE and JENNY STRINGER. "Hyde, Edward." The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. MARGARET DRABBLE and JENNY STRINGER. "Hyde, Edward." The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O54-HydeEdward.html MARGARET DRABBLE and JENNY STRINGER. "Hyde, Edward." The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature. 2003. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O54-HydeEdward.html |
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