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Cunningham, Andrew Browne, Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope
Cunningham, Andrew Browne, Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope (b. 7 Jan. 1883, d. 12 June 1963). British First Sea Lord 1943–6 Born in Dublin, he was educated at the Edinburgh Academy and Stubbington House (Fareham). He joined the Royal Navy in 1898, and served with distinction in the Dardanelles in World War I. At the beginning of World War II, he was Commander-in-Chief of the British Mediterranean fleet, and in November 1940 he launched a successful air attack on the Italian fleet at Taranto. He also achieved success in the March 1941 naval battle at Cape Matapan, where he effectually neutralized the Italian fleet for the remainder of the war. From June to October 1942, he headed the admiralty delegation in Washington, and in January 1943 returned to the Mediterranean as Commander-in-Chief. He was Allied Naval Commander for the attacks on Italy later that year. As First Sea Lord from October 1943 until 1946 he was involved in co-ordinating the British fleet on D-Day, and during the Pacific Campaign.
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JAN PALMOWSKI. "Cunningham, Andrew Browne, Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JAN PALMOWSKI. "Cunningham, Andrew Browne, Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O46-CnnnghmndrwBrwnVscntCnnng.html JAN PALMOWSKI. "Cunningham, Andrew Browne, Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O46-CnnnghmndrwBrwnVscntCnnng.html |
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Cunningham, Andrew, 1st Viscount Cunningham
Cunningham, Andrew, 1st Viscount Cunningham (1883–1963). Sailor. Entering the navy in 1897 as a cadet, Cunningham spent the First World War as captain of the destroyer Scorpion. The outbreak of the Second World War found him an acting Admiral as commander-in-chief Mediterranean. This became a post of supreme importance when Italy entered the war in 1940 and an extraordinary situation developed with British convoys moving east–west from Suez to Gibraltar and Italian convoys crossing north–south en route for Libya. In November 1940 an air attack on the harbour of Taranto forced the Italian fleet to withdraw northwards and in March 1941, in a night attack, Cunningham won a decisive victory over an Italian force off Cape Matapan. He remained in his Mediterranean command during the allied landings in north Africa and Sicily, and in 1943 was appointed 1st sea lord and chief of the naval staff. In 1945 he was given a barony and advanced to viscount the following year.
J. A. Cannon |
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JOHN CANNON. "Cunningham, Andrew, 1st Viscount Cunningham." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "Cunningham, Andrew, 1st Viscount Cunningham." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-Cnnnghmndrw1stVscntCnnngh.html JOHN CANNON. "Cunningham, Andrew, 1st Viscount Cunningham." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-Cnnnghmndrw1stVscntCnnngh.html |
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Cunningham, Andrew, 1st Viscount Cunningham
Cunningham, Andrew, 1st Viscount Cunningham (1883–1963). Sailor. Cunningham spent the First World War as captain of the destroyer Scorpion. The outbreak of the Second World War found him an acting Admiral as commander‐in‐chief Mediterranean. This became a post of supreme importance when Italy entered the war in 1940. In November 1940 an air attack on the harbour of Taranto forced the Italian fleet to withdraw northwards and in March 1941, in a night attack, Cunningham won a decisive victory over an Italian force off Cape Matapan. He was appointed 1st sea lord and chief of the naval staff in 1943.
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Cite this article
JOHN CANNON. "Cunningham, Andrew, 1st Viscount Cunningham." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "Cunningham, Andrew, 1st Viscount Cunningham." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-Cnnnghmndrw1stVscntCnnngh.html JOHN CANNON. "Cunningham, Andrew, 1st Viscount Cunningham." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-Cnnnghmndrw1stVscntCnnngh.html |
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Andrew Browne Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope
Andrew Browne Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope , 1883–1963, British admiral. A long-seasoned naval officer—he fought in the South African War and World War I—Cunningham was (1939–42) commander in the Mediterranean, which he kept open to the British. He was later naval commander in the expedition against N Africa (1942–43), commander in chief of the Allied naval forces in the Mediterranean (1943), and first sea lord and chief of the naval staff (1943–46). He retired and was created viscount in 1946.
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"Andrew Browne Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Andrew Browne Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-CunninghAn.html "Andrew Browne Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-CunninghAn.html |
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Cunningham, Andrew Browne, Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope
Cunningham, Andrew Browne, Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope (1883–1963) British admiral. At the beginning of World War II he was commander-in-chief in the Mediterranean. Here he was faced with an Italian fleet that was numerically superior to his own. However, he asserted British domination by his air attack on the Italian base of Taranto in 1940, and at Cape Matapan in 1941, where his victory effectually neutralized the Italian fleet for the rest of the war. As First Sea Lord from 1943 he was responsible for naval strategy and attended the meetings of Allied heads of government.
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Cite this article
"Cunningham, Andrew Browne, Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Cunningham, Andrew Browne, Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-CnnnghmndrwBrwnVscntCnnng.html "Cunningham, Andrew Browne, Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-CnnnghmndrwBrwnVscntCnnng.html |
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