endosymbiont theory
endosymbiont theory A theory, devised principally by US biologist Lynn Margulis (1938– ), that eukaryotic organisms evolved from symbiotic associations between prokaryotic ancestors. Free-living aerobic bacteria and photosynthetic cyanobacteria (see chloroxybacteria) became incorporated inside larger nucleated prokaryotic cells, where they acted as forerunners of the mitochondria and chloroplasts seen in modern eukaryotes. Such events are held to have occurred on several occasions, producing various lineages of both heterotrophic and phototrophic protoctists, from which evolved ancestors of animals, plants, and fungi. There is strong evidence for the theory, particularly the finding that mitochondria and chloroplasts have DNA similar in form to that of eubacteria, and that they contain prokaryotic-type ribosomes.
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endosymbiont theory