protocooperation

A Dictionary of Zoology | 1999 | Copyright

protocooperation (facultative mutualism) An interaction between organisms of different species in which both organisms benefit, but neither is dependent on the relationship. Compare MUTUALISM.

Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.

  • MLA
  • Chicago
  • APA

MICHAEL ALLABY. "protocooperation." A Dictionary of Zoology. 1999. Encyclopedia.com. 9 Feb. 2010 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

MICHAEL ALLABY. "protocooperation." A Dictionary of Zoology. 1999. Encyclopedia.com. (February 9, 2010). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O8-protocooperation.html

MICHAEL ALLABY. "protocooperation." A Dictionary of Zoology. 1999. Retrieved February 09, 2010 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O8-protocooperation.html

Learn more about citation styles

Related newspaper, magazine, and trade journal articles from HighBeam Research

(Including press releases, facts, information, and biographies)

New gene therapy study findings have been reported from M.J. Liu et al.(Report)
Newspaper article from: Gene Therapy Weekly July 16, 2009 700+ words ...starter cultures, are well known for their stability and protocooperation during their coexistence in milk. In this study, we show...Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus Reveals Protocooperation in Yogurt Manufacturing. Applied and Environmental Microbiology...
Interactions in Biofilms of Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris and Pseudomonas...
Magazine article from: Journal of Dairy Science Kives, J; Guadarrama, D; Orgaz, B; Rivera-Sen, A; Et al December 1, 2005 700+ words ...influences in both the planktonic and biofilm phases. Two levels of inoculum of each culture partner were combined. Protocooperation and commensalism cases were found, all of them in the biofilm phase. Type and intensity of the interactions depended...
Interactions among lactic acid starter and probiotic bacteria used for...
Magazine article from: Journal of Dairy Science Vinderola, C G; Mocchiutti, P; Reinheimer, J A April 1, 2002 700+ words ...nutritional and health benefits (Juillard et al., 1987). However, microbial interactions, either beneficial (protocooperation) or unfavorable (antagonism) among these cultures may generate undesirable changes in the composition of the...

For more facts and information, see all related premium articles

Related entries from encyclopedias, dictionaries, and thesauruses

protocooperation
Book article from: A Dictionary of Zoology protocooperation ( facultative mutualism ) An interaction between organisms of different species in which both organisms benefit, but neither is dependent on the relationship. Compare MUTUALISM .
mutualism
Book article from: A Dictionary of Zoology ...benefits both. Strictly, the term may be confined to obligatory mutualism, in which neither species can survive under natural conditions without the other. Sometimes the term is used more generally to include protocooperation .
facultative mutualism
Book article from: A Dictionary of Ecology facultative mutualism See protocooperation .
amensalism
Book article from: A Dictionary of Ecology ...which one population is inhibited while the other (the amensal) is unaffected. It is the opposite of commensalism . See also symbiosis . Compare competition ; mutualism ; neutralism ; parasitism ; predation ; and protocooperation .

Find thousands of answers for hundreds of subjects at Smart QandA .

All answers verified by trusted sources at Encyclopedia.com

Try Smart QandA now!

For students and teachers!

Encyclopedia.com provides students and teachers facts, information, and biographies from verified, citable sources, including:

Encyclopedia.com provides students and teachers facts, information, and biographies from verified, citable sources, including: