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mutation
mutation
mutation 1. A process by which a
gene or
chromosome set undergoes a structural change or a change in the amount of
DNA it contains.
2. A gene or chromosome set that has undergone a structural change. The majority of mutations are changes within individual genes (e.g. the substitution of a different
nucleotide at some point in the
DNA so that the
amino acid sequence is altered), but some are gross structural changes of chromosomes (e.g.
inversion or
translocation) or changes in the number of chromosomes per nucleus (e.g.
polyploidy). Mutations are the raw material for evolution: they provide the source of all variation. For mutations to affect subsequent generations, though, they must occur in
gametes or in cells destined to be gametes, since only then will they be inherited. A mutation that occurs in a body cell is called a ‘somatic’ mutation: it is transmitted to all cells derived, by
mitosis, from that cell. Most mutations, however, are deleterious; evolution progresses through the few that are favourable. Some mutations are recurrent: they occur repeatedly within a population, or over long periods of time (as does haemophilia, e.g.).
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Spontaneous Mutations in Diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae: More Beneficial Than Expected
Magazine article from: Genetics; 12/1/2004; ; 700+ words
; ...all fitness-altering mutations are deleterious. The mutation rate was estimated as 6...spontaneously arising beneficial mutations, the genome-wide mutation rate, and the average effect of spontaneous mutations. Our study improves on...
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Mutations Linked to HBV Levels in IFN-Treated Patients.
Newspaper article from: Hepatitis Weekly; 8/30/1999; ; 700+ words
; ...determination of these two mutations and viral levels...core promoter mutation appeared to occur...induce any specific mutations. Core promoter mutation appeared to develop...of the precore mutation, and the virus with these two mutations seemed to be the...
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Mutations in melanocortin 4 receptor gene linked to binge-eating behavior.
Newspaper article from: Obesity & Diabetes Week; 4/28/2003; 700+ words
; ...association was found between mutations in the leptin-binding region...of the subjects possessed mutations in the region of POMC that...characteristic of subjects with a mutation in MC4R, a candidate gene...melanocortin 4 receptor gene mutations. New England Journal of Medicine...
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Mutations in the surfactant protein C gene associated with interstitial lung disease *.
Magazine article from: Chest; 3/1/2002; ; 700+ words
; ...unknown etiology. Mutations on one allele of...One infant had a mutation in the same location...occurrence of a de novo mutation functionally identical to a familial mutation in infants with...hypothesis that the mutations were causally related...
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Cystic fibrosis mutations and associated haplotypes in Turkish cystic fibrosis patients
Magazine article from: Human Biology; 4/1/2001; ; 700+ words
; ...associated with unknown mutations. The mutation spectrum of CF in...TURKISH POPULATION, MUTATION SCREENING, HAPLOTYPES Mutations in the cystic fibrosis...of unidentified mutations. In populations...heterogeneity, mutation analysis can be...
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Mutations affecting lipoprotein phenotype in South European FH patients identified.
Newspaper article from: Health & Medicine Week; 1/5/2004; 700+ words
; ...of the R3500Q mutation on lipoprotein...receptor (LDLR) mutations." To rectify...due to R3500Q mutation. FH patients carrying missense mutations affecting the...receptor gene mutations and the R3500Q mutation of the apoB gene...
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Mutations In the PSTI Gene Associated With Pancreatitis.
Newspaper article from: Gene Therapy Weekly; 12/27/2001; 700+ words
; ...say. Instead, it involves mutations in the gene that causes the...fold in people having two mutations in the gene responsible for...fold in people having a mutation known as N34S in the pancreatic...medicine at UNC. "When they had mutations in both of these genes, the...
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Mutations In the PSTI Gene Associated With Pancreatitis.(pancreatic secretory trypson inhibitor)
Newspaper article from: Immunotherapy Weekly; 12/26/2001; 700+ words
; ...say. Instead, it involves mutations in the gene that causes the...fold in people having two mutations in the gene responsible for...fold in people having a mutation known as N34S in the pancreatic...medicine at UNC. "When they had mutations in both of these genes, the...
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Mutations in K-ras Codon 12 Detected in Plasma DNA Are Not an Indicator of Disease in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Magazine article from: Clinical Chemistry; 7/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...significantly to mutation detection (in their case, K-ras mutations in the plasma of...note that K-ras mutations have been detected...observed K-ras mutation in 2 volunteers...the detection of mutations in codon 12 of...
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p53 mutations in non-small cell lung carcinomas in Hong Kong.
Magazine article from: Chest; 3/1/1996; ; 700+ words
; ...techniques. Eight-point mutations in the evolutionarily conserved...most frequently detected mutations in human cancers involves...folding, are hot spots for mutation.(2)(3)(4)(5) The p53 mutations that have been detected...
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Mutation Rate
Book article from: Genetics
Mutation Rate Mutation rate refers to the frequency of new mutations per generation in an...organism or a population. Mutation rates can be determined...influencing observed mutation rates is the means by which mutations are detected, as some...
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Mutations
Book article from: World of Microbiology and Immunology
Mutations A mutation is any change in...the source of the mutation, the genetic alteration...individual gene . Mutations may have little...gene. Nonsense mutations are also single...product. Another mutation involves the alteration...
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Mutation
Book article from: Biology
Mutation Mutations are physical changes in genes...in the gametes (germ-line mutation). Mutations may be caused by natural events...This is called a frame-shift mutation. Frame-shift mutations almost always result in nonfunctional...
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mutation
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...Sometimes the word mutation is used broadly...in chromosomal mutations the number of...can be a higher mutation rate of all genes...organism. Induced Mutations Mutations may...of detecting mutations that are lethal. Mutation and Evolution...
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Gene Mutation
Encyclopedia entry from: The Gale Encyclopedia of Science
...within a gene can be nonsense mutations (which cause protein synthesis to stop prematurely), missense mutations (a mutation that results an a substitution...another in a protein), or silent mutations that cause no detectable change...
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