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glycogen
glycogen
A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition
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2005
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© A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition 2005, originally published by Oxford University Press 2005. (Hide copyright information)
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glycogen The storage carbohydrate in the liver and muscles, a branched polymer of
glucose units. It has a similar structure to the amylopectin form of
starch, but is more highly branched. In an adult there are about 250 g of glycogen in the muscles and 100 g in the liver in the fed state.
Since glycogen is rapidly broken down to glucose after an animal is killed, meat and animal liver do not contain glycogen.
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Glycogen synthesis in young smokers like that observed in prediabetic subjects.
Newspaper article from: Obesity & Diabetes Week; 9/15/2003; 700+ words
; ...Impaired insulin-stimulated muscle glycogen synthesis is an early defect in the cause...tolerance Why? Significant differences in glycogen replenishment can be attributed to the...synthesis of carbohydrate into muscle glycogen, which is how the muscle stores energy...
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Glycogen & exercise intensity
Magazine article from: Joe Weider's Muscle & Fitness; 9/1/1997; ; 656 words
; ...must begin a workout with maximal levels of muscle glycogen. Glycogen is a polysaccharide, or complex carbohydrate, stored in part in the liver and muscles. Most studies show glycogen is the high-octane fuel that powers anaerobic exercise...
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Reduced glycogen availability is associated with increased AMPK[alpha]2 activity, nuclear AMPK[alpha]2 protein abundance, and GLUT4 mRNA expression in contracting human skeletal muscle.(glucose transporter 4)
Magazine article from: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism; 6/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; Abstract: Glycogen availability can influence glucose transporter...isoform is enhanced when skeletal muscle glycogen is low. In this study, we investigated if decreased pre-exercise muscle glycogen levels and increased AMPK [alpha]2 activity...
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Unsaturated fatty acids associated with glycogen may inhibit glucose-6 phosphatase in rat liver
Magazine article from: The Journal of Nutrition; 12/1/1997; ; 700+ words
; ...Unsaturated Fatty Acids Associated with Glycogen May Inhibit Glucose-6 Phosphatase in...conducted to identify the nature of a glycogen-associated compound that had been shown...inhibit glucose-6 phosphatase in vitro. Glycogen was purified from the liver of fed rats...
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Temporal patterns of tissue glycogen, glucose, and glycogen phosphorylase activity prior to hibernation in freeze-tolerant chorus frogs, Pseudacris triseriata.(Report)
Magazine article from: Canadian Journal of Zoology; 10/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...mobilization of glucose as a cryoprotectant from hepatic glycogen stores upon the initiation of freezing (Storey...in freezing survival is correlated with hepatic glycogen stores; low glycogen stores result in low freezing survival (Jenkins...
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Butyrate ingestion improves hepatic glycogen storage in the re-fed rat.(Research article)(Clinical report)
Magazine article from: BMC Physiology; 10/10/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...Background Carbohydrates are stored as glycogen in both muscles and the liver. As the...lipid storage and disposal [1]. Liver glycogen is the first defensive line when glycemia...ceases and the enzymes responsible for glycogen breakdown become active. It has been...
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Acetic acid feeding enhances glycogen repletion in liver and skeletal muscle of rats
Magazine article from: The Journal of Nutrition; 7/1/2001; ; 700+ words
; Acetic Acid Feeding Enhances Glycogen Repletion in Liver and Skeletal Muscle...the main component of vinegar, on glycogen repletion in rats. Rats were allowed...greater liver and gastrocnemius muscle glycogen concentration than the control group...
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Carbs to muscle: seven ways to enhance your muscle glycogen stores without increasing bodyfat.(NUTRITION)
Magazine article from: Flex; 6/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...stored inside muscles--called muscle glycogen--can determine whether or not muscles...state. How vital are well-stocked glycogen stores? Protein intake above and beyond...enough" won't boost muscle mass if glycogen stores are too low. On the other hand...
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Aberrant activation of AMP-activated protein kinase remodels metabolic network in favor of cardiac glycogen storage.(Research article)(Clinical report)
Magazine article from: Journal of Clinical Investigation; 5/1/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...insensitive to energy status and causes glycogen storage cardiomyopathy via unknown mechanisms...resulting in selective fuel storage as glycogen. Increased glucose entry in the [gamma...the remodeled metabolic network toward glycogen synthesis and, at a substantially higher...
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Glutamine helps store glycogen
Magazine article from: Joe Weider's Muscle & Fitness; 12/1/1999; ; 700+ words
; ...suggest it has the benefit of enhanced glycogen storage. For instance, a recent study...glucose polymer promoted the storage of glycogen in liver and skeletal muscle. As a reminder...or carbohydrates they're stored as glycogen, which serves as a fuel source for cells...
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glycogen
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to the Body
glycogen In the 1840s and 50s, Claude Bernard...years before the medical significance of glycogen storage came to light, when defective...deficiencies, whilst deliberate boosting of glycogen storage in muscle before a marathon run...
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glycogen storage diseases
Book article from: A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition
glycogen storage diseases A group of rare genetic diseases characterized by excessive accumulation of glycogen in liver and/or muscles and, in some forms, profound hypoglycaemia in the fasting state. Treatment is by feeding small frequent meals, rich in carbohydrate.
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Cori, Gerty Theresa Radnitz
Dictionary entry from: Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography
...increases the rate of conversion of liver glycogen to glucose, an effect counteracted by...increases the rate of conversion of muscle glycogen to lactate, with the formation of hexosemonophosphate...formation of glucose-1-phosphate from glycogen is effected by a new enzyme, phosphorylase...
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Cori, Carl and Gerty
Book article from: Chemistry: Foundations and Applications
...demonstrated that it was formed from glycogen, a polymer of glucose employed by many...formation of glucose-1-phosphate from glycogen and the reverse reaction in which glucose-1-phosphate is incorporated into glycogen; they also succeeded in purifying the...
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Polysaccharides
Book article from: Chemistry: Foundations and Applications
...is the main energy reserve in plants; glycogen is the main energy reserve in animals...continues the process in the intestine. Glycogen is the energy storage carbohydrate in animals. Glycogen is found mainly in the liver (where it...
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