El Niño
El Niño (Sp. (Christ) ‘child’) Warm surface current that flows in the equatorial Pacific Ocean towards the South American coast. It occurs around Christmas time. An easing or reversing of the
trade winds over the
s Pacific Ocean, causes warm surface waters that have ‘piled-up’ in the
w Pacific to flow back and warm the coastal waters of South America by 2 to 3°C. It has a dramatic effect on climate patterns in Australia and Southeast Asia, and may affect rainfall as far away as Africa. In normal years, trade winds blow
e to
w along the Equator, dragging warm surface waters into a pool off
n Australia and monsoon rains to Indonesia. In the
w Pacific, the Humboldt Current pushes the surface waters away from the coast of Peru, bringing cold water to the surface. This upwelled, nutrient-rich water stimulates phytoplankton production and swells the population of anchovies, a mainstay of the Peruvian fishing industry. In an El Niño year, the upwelling ceases and the biological productivity of the area collapses. In 1982–83, the anchovy catch fell by 600%. In addition, mean sea-level along the coast of Latin America may increase by as much as 50cm (20in), causing widespread flooding. Some scientists believe that the frequency (presently every 2–10 years) and effects of El Niño may be increasing.
http://www.elnino.noaa.gov
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New World Economies: The Growth of the Thirteen Colonies and Early Canada.
Magazine article from: Journal of Southern History; 8/1/2000; ; 700+ words
; ...World Economies: The Growth of the Thirteen Colonies and Early Canada. By Marc Egnal...of economic development in the colonies reflected the rate of growth in...credit flow from imperial centers to colonies (especially during wars), and...
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Enslow Publishers.(From Thirteen Colonies to One Nation)(200 Years with Abraham Lincoln: One Man's Life and Legacy)(Baby Animals of the Tropical Rain Forest)(Counting in the Desert)(Brief article)(Children's review)(Book review)
Magazine article from: Children's Bookwatch; 9/1/2008; 700+ words
; ...com Joining others in the 'Revolutionary War Library' but standing well alone is John Micklos, Jr.'s FROM THIRTEEN COLONIES TO ONE NATION (0766030156, $23.95), a 48-page book for grades 3-4 providing an excellent historical introduction...
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Food and Recipes of the Thirteen Colonies.(BOOKS)(Brief Article)(Children's Review)(Book Review)
Magazine article from: Faces: People, Places, and Cultures; 9/1/2005; 483 words
; Food and Recipes of the Thirteen Colonies by George Erdosh Taking a helping of hands-on and a dash of helpful illustrations, and seasoning well with history, George...
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 "Maps.com (Historical Maps)")
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Growth of the United States to 1853 -- North America,United States,Original Thirteen Colonies,Florida Cession,United States Treaty of Paris,Louisiana Purchase,Texas Annexation,Gadsden Purchase,Mexican
Map from: Maps.com (Historical Maps); 1/1/2002; 172 words
; 00-00-0000 Growth of the United States to 1853 -- North America,United States, Original Thirteen Colonies,Florida Cession,United States Treaty of Paris,Louisiana Purchase,Texas Annexation,Gadsden Purchase,Mexican Cession...
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French, Spanish, and English Settlements to 1776 -- North America,United States,Canada,French Louisiana,Texas,Mexico,New Mexico,California,Florida,Original Thirteen Colonies Map
Map from: Maps.com (Historical Maps); 1/1/2002; 151 words
; 00-00-0000 French, Spanish, and English Settlements to 1776 -- North America,United States,Canada,French Louisiana,Texas,Mexico,New Mexico,California, Florida,Original Thirteen Colonies Map
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From Thirteen Colonies to These United States
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 5/17/1987; ; 700+ words
; ...Frederick the Great, the erstwhile American colonies, militarily triumphant to be sure but...independent state. "Little by little, colony by colony, province by province," the...had been selected by the people of the colonies, not by the colonial governments, and...
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Thirteen colonies.
Magazine article from: The Book Report; 5/1/2002; ; 523 words
; ...112pp. ea. $27.45 ea. hc. Lucent Books/The Gale Group. Grades 6-8 Students learn about the early history of each colony, the important people who were key in its settling, how the colonists lived once it was established, and their involvement...list, works consulted, and index. The thorough treatment in these books ...
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Making Thirteen Colonies.
Magazine article from: Public Interest; 9/22/1998; ; 700+ words
; When Christopher Columbus kissed the ground of the new world in 1492, he was on terra firma; five centuries later, of course, we find the great navigator on shaky ground. Under the weighty dictates of what is known as political correctness, the monumental nature of Columbus's epic achievement
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British America, 1500-1800: Creating Colonies, Imagining an Empire
Magazine article from: The Journal of Southern History; 11/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; ...Americas: how individual colonies took the shape they did and...attract European settlers. In colony after colony "local elites emerged, displaced...array of quasi-independent colonies into an empire under parliamentary...course, and the empire shed thirteen colonies. In the ...
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British America, 1500-1800: Creating Colonies, Imagining an Empire.(Book review)
Magazine article from: Journal of Southern History; 11/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; ...Americas: how individual colonies took the shape they did and...attract European settlers. In colony after colony "local elites emerged, displaced...array of quasi-independent colonies into an empire under parliamentary...course, and the empire shed thirteen colonies. In the ...
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Thirteen Colonies
Book article from: A Dictionary of World History
Thirteen Colonies The British colonies in North America that ratified the DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE...his ministers, who, in FRANKLIN's words, “made thirteen clocks strike as one”.
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the Thirteen Colonies
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
the Thirteen Colonies term used for the colonies of British North America that joined together in the American Revolution against...Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. They are also called the Thirteen Original States.
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thirteen
Book article from: The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable
thirteen the number thirteen has been widely regarded as unlucky...there is a traditional belief that if thirteen people sit down to table, the first...them (Judas) would betray him. Thirteen Colonies the British colonies that ratified...
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Royal Colonies
Book article from: American Eras
...of a royal colony was to benefit...Although most colonies started out...eight of the thirteen mainland colonies were royal...Massachusetts Bay Colony. New York...became a royal colony (last of the thirteen colonies formed...
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colony
Book article from: The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English
...successors. ∎ ( the Colonies ) chiefly British term for Thirteen Colonies . ∎ ( the colonies ) all the foreign countries or areas...foreign city or country: the British colony in New York. ∎ ...
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