Ford, Gerald
The Oxford Companion to American Military History
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2000
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© The Oxford Companion to American Military History 2000, originally published by Oxford University Press 2000. (Hide copyright information)
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Ford, Gerald (1913–2006), thirty‐eighth president of the United States.Born in 1913, a decorated veteran of the Pacific theater in World War II (serving in the U.S. Navy as an ensign aboard USS
Monterey), Ford served twelve consecutive terms in the House of Representatives before he was chosen by
Richard M. Nixon (1973) to be his vice president.
When Ford became president after Nixon's resignation in 1974, he found himself caught between two ideological camps on national security issues. Many Americans, tired of war, wanted Ford to reject any further obligations abroad. However, conservatives in both parties demanded that Ford demonstrate that the
Vietnam War had not weakened American military resolve. Himself a conservative in military affairs, who had supported the American commitment in Korea and Vietnam, Ford nevertheless wanted to win his own term as president. As a result, he followed a policy path he hoped would satisfy both camps.
In the spring of 1975, Ford did little to help either Cambodia or South Vietnam as they faced the final Communist offensives against their regimes. The fall of Saigon, which led in April to the evacuation of the U.S. Embassy there, allowed Ford to announce that “[the] war is finished as far as America is concerned,” but it left him open to criticism by conservatives for abandoning an ally. They were more supportive of Ford's actions in the
Mayaguez crisis that May, when he reacted to the seizure of an American merchant vessel by bombing the Cambodian mainland and launching a successful, though costly, rescue mission by the U.S. Marines. Nevertheless, conservatives broke with the administration over the
SALT Treaties that they felt favored the Soviet Union, and with Ford's support of the 1975 Helsinki Accord, which acquiesced in Soviet hegemony in Eastern Europe.
While the conservatives, led by
Ronald Reagan, were unable to wrest the Republican nomination from Ford in 1976, Democratic presidential nominee
Jimmy Carter was more successful in painting Ford as showing ambiguity of purpose in the realm of military affairs.
Bibliography
Gerald R. Ford , A Time to Heal: The Autobiography of Gerald R. Ford, 1979.
John Robert Greene , The Presidency of Gerald R. Ford, 1995.
John Robert Greene
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