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house of York
York, house of
The Oxford Companion to British History
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2002
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© The Oxford Companion to British History 2002, originally published by Oxford University Press 2002. (Hide copyright information)
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York, house of. 15th-cent. royal dynasty. Historians from the Tudor period onward viewed the Wars of the
Roses as a dynastic contest between the houses of Lancaster and York. This interpretation appears in the papal dispensation for the marriage of Henry VII and
Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV, in 1486.
The title was first created in 1385 for Edmund of Langley duke of
York, 4th surviving son of Edward III, and descended to his son Edward, duke of
York in 1402. His heir was Richard of
York, son of his brother Richard of Conisborough. A hereditary right to the throne by York was inferior to that of the Lancastrians descended from
John of Gaunt, Edward III's third son to reach maturity. From his mother, however, Duke Richard could trace descent through the Mortimer earls of March from Lionel, Edward's second surviving son. In 1460 he claimed the crown as Lionel's heir.
By this date there had been intermittent hostilities since 1455, and this was the second time victory in battle by York and his allies had won control of Henry VI's government. His friends had not fought to make him king, as was apparent by their dismayed reaction to his claim and the eventual compromise that he should be Henry's heir. After York's death, they recognized his son as King Edward IV. His claim was confirmed by battles in 1461 and again in 1471, when the main Lancastrian dynasty was extinguished; its former ministers, like John
Morton, now entered Edward's service.
The Yorkist monarchy was destroyed by Richard III's usurpation. Courtiers of Edward, believing Richard had murdered Edward's sons Edward V and Richard, agreed to accept Henry Tudor as king if he married their sister. Risings for this purpose failed in 1483; it was achieved at
Bosworth in 1485.
Continental enemies encouraged opposition to the Tudor king. Edward IV's sister
Margaret, duchess of Burgundy, assisted the pseudo-Yorkist claimants Lambert
Simnel and Perkin
Warbeck.
Pole and
Courtenay descendants of Richard of York, some known as ‘the white rose’, fell victim to Henry VIII's paranoia. Pride in his own Yorkist ancestry was shown by naming his children Edward ( VI) and Elizabeth, and by his burial in Edward's chapel of St George in Windsor castle.
R. L. Storey
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York
Book article from: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
...England’. Medieval York was important as a regional...Ages and later the Abp. of York took part in governing the North...churches and nine religious houses in the city. No church can...church preceded the present York Minster, built on the same...
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York, House of
Book article from: The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable
York, House of the English royal house which...1341–1402), 1st Duke of York and 5th son of Edward III, the House of York fought the Wars of the Roses with the House of Lancaster , both houses being branches of the Plantagenet line...
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Elizabeth of York
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to British History
Elizabeth of York (1466–1503), queen of Henry VII. Henry set the seal...to Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Edward IV, thus uniting the houses of York and Lancaster. She had spent the first year of Richard III's reign...
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York, house of
Book article from: A Dictionary of British History
York, house of 15th‐cent. royal dynasty...Roses as a dynastic contest between the houses of Lancaster and York. This interpretation appears in the...marriage of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York , daughter of Edward IV, in 1486...
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New York City
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to United States History
...1664, changing its name to New York and introducing jury trials and...Broadway), and about 300 houses. In 1665, Governor Richard...launching of William Bradford's New York Gazette in 1725. The New York Society Library was created in...
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