Vows
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
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1997
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© The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions 1997, originally published by Oxford University Press 1997. (Hide copyright information)
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Vows. Promises or commitments to undertake, or abstain from, particular actions, lifestyles, etc. All religions offer the opportunity to formalize one's intentions in this way, to such an extent that there can be uncertainty about whether a vow once made can be revoked. Thus in Judaism vows are not required of Jews in the Bible, but once made they have to be carried out with precision (Deuteronomy 23. 22–4). Vows are thus inviolable (1 Samuel 14. 24 ff.; Judges 11. 30 ff.), but the
rabbis evolved an elaborate system for the annulment of vows in the tractate
Nedarim. Jewish law uses three terms for vows,
neder (general),
nedavah (freewill offering), and
shebuʿah (to pursue or not to pursue a course of action).
Some early Christians followed the practice of taking vows ( Paul, e.g., taking the temporary vow of a Nazirite, Acts 21. 22–6), although Jesus had warned against letting a dedication of something to God through
qorban take precedence over more fundamental obligations (Mark 7. 11). Vows came to be understood as a social act through which a person donates himself or herself to another (marriage vows), or to God in a religious community.
For examples of vows in other religions, see
BODHISATTVA VOW;
FIVE GREAT VOWS (among Jains);
SHIGUSEIGAN (the four great vows in Zen);
VRATA;
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House breathes life into FARAD
Magazine article from: DVM; 11/1/2000; ; 700+ words
; ...Food Animal Residue Avoidance Database (FARAD) will keep its doors open, pending the...the last remaining source of funding for FARAD--a $285,000 line item in U.S...an earlier report stated that unless FARAD got a shot of funding through the proposed...
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FARAD remains open, for now
Magazine article from: DVM; 12/1/2008; ; 517 words
; ...Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD) garnered a few extra months of life support, but with drastic cutbacks. FARAD was scheduled to shut down in October...Division. The AVMA sought funding for FARAD for several years, lobbying Congress...
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FARAD gains permanent funding
Magazine article from: DVM; 9/1/1999; ; 510 words
; ...Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD) will never have to worry about funding...University and founding co-director of FARAD, says that after 16 years of competitively...Department of Agriculture (USDA) funding, FARAD was included in the federal Agricultural...
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FARAD receives $800,000 in appropriation funds
Magazine article from: DVM; 2/1/2002; ; 700+ words
; ...embarks on its pre-Sept. 11 legislative agenda, proponents of FARAD celebrate a recent $800,000 funding measure - the largest...75.9 billion agriculture appropriations package for 2002. FARAD, a computer-based decision support system backed by the United...
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Tabulation of FARAD comparative and veterinary pharmacokinetic data.(Brief Article)(Book Review)
Magazine article from: SciTech Book News; 12/1/2006; 510 words
; 9780813813493 Tabulation of FARAD comparative and veterinary pharmacokinetic data. Craigmill, Arthur...organizes information from the food animal residue avoidance databank (FARAD) on residues associated with extralabel drug use in food animals...
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Super capacitance to 220 Farads.
Magazine article from: Control Engineering; 5/1/2007; 389 words
; ...capacitors from Illinois Capacitor offers capacitance values to 220 Farads. Custom packs combine multiple capacitors for combinations...Series includes 14 values ranging in capacitance from 4 to 220 Farads with voltage ratings from 2 to 2.5 WV dc (working volts dc...
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Supercapacitors provide capacitance to 220 Farads.(PASSIVE & DISCRETE COMPONENTS)
Magazine article from: ECN-Electronic Component News; 12/15/2007; 451 words
; ...from Illinois Capacitor offers capacitance values up to 220 Farads and even higher in custom packs. The packs combine multiple...series includes 14 values, ranging in capacitance from 4 F (Farads) to 220 F with voltage ratings from 2W VDC to 2.5W VDC...
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Farad Azima and David Pearson
Newspaper article from: The Independent - London; 10/6/2000; 248 words
; Sounds hard to believe: Farad Azima, left, NXT chairman, and David Pearson, CEO, checking out the group's flat speaker technology, which it has licensed...
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John Farad, current executive vice president and chief financial officer at International Paper Co. (Business Briefs).(named president )(Brief Article)
Magazine article from: Arkansas Business; 3/3/2003; 620 words
; John Farad, current executive vice president and chief financial officer at International Paper Co., has been promoted to president and elected to the board. Faraci will assume responsibility for the operations of the company and will continue to report to CEO John Dillon.
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Nist researchers complete uncertainty analysis for linking ECCS to SI farad. (General Developments).(Electron-Counting Capacitance Standard)
Magazine article from: Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; 9/1/2002; 700+ words
; ...is a large mechanical capacitor which, through a fundamental theorem of electrostatics, provides the SI realization of the Farad. The comparison of the two capacitors is crucial for the ECCS, both for demonstrating its usefulness as a representation of...
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farad
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
farad [for Michael Faraday ], unit of electrical capacitance , equivalent to 1 coulomb of stored charge per volt of applied potential difference.
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Al-Majrītī Abu ’L-Qāsim Maslama Ibn Aḥmad Al-Faraḍī
Dictionary entry from: Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography
AL-MAJR ī T ī ABU ’ L-Q ā SIM MASLAMA IBN A ḥ MAD AL-FARAD ̣ ī ( b . Madrid, Spain, second half of the tenth century; d . C ó rdoba, Spain, ca . 1007) astronomy...
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capacitance
Book article from: World Encyclopedia
...ability to store charge in its capacitor . Capacitance is measured in farads: one farad is a capacitance needing a charge of 1 coulomb to raise its potential...are small enough to be measured in microfarads (one millionth of a farad).
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Elijah Muhammad
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...became an automobile assembly-line worker. In 1931 he became a follower of Wali Farad, or W. D. Fard, who had established a Temple of Islam in Detroit. When Farad disappeared in 1934, Poole (now renamed Muhammad) assumed leadership of the...
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Black Muslims
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...Nation of Islam. The original group was founded (1930) in Detroit by Wali Farad (or W. D. Fard), whom his followers believed to be "Allah in person." When Farad disappeared mysteriously in 1934, Elijah Muhammad assumed leadership of the...
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