Hekhalot and merkabah
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
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1997
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© The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions 1997, originally published by Oxford University Press 1997. (Hide copyright information)
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Hekhalot and merkabah. Early Jewish magic and mysticism connected with the palaces of heaven (hekhalot) and the chariot (merkabah) of
Elijah by which he was carried up to heaven. Contemplation of the chariot chapters of Ezekiel are at least as early as
Johanan ben Zakkai, and, following the discovery among the
Cairo Genizah Fragments of an early text describing Johanan's experience, it seems clear that Saul (who became
Paul) practised this mysticism, and that this was the foundation of his many reported experiences, including the vision on the Damascus road. The other surviving treatises date from the 3rd to 7th cents., of which five were of particular importance in subsequent Jewish mysticism:
Hekhalot Zutartei (The Smaller Book of Palaces), describing the ascension of
Akiva to heaven;
Hekhalot Rabbati (The Greater Book …), describing the ascension of R. Ishmael;
Maʿaseh Merkabah (The Work of the Chariot), an anthology of hymns sung by mystics during their ascent;
Sefer Hekhalot, known also as the Third Book of Enoch, in which R. Ishmael describes his ascension and meeting with
Metatron,
Sar ha-Panim, the Prince of Countenances; and
Shi'ur Komah (The Measurement of the Height), in which the vision of God is described in anthropomorphic terms derived particularly from Song of Songs. These early texts and practices profoundly influenced
kabbalah and such movements as
Ḥasidei Ashkenaz.
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Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa
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