Mesosphere
Mesosphere
Based on the vertical temperature distribution in Earth's atmosphere, four semi-horizontal layers or "spheres" can be distinguished: the troposphere, stratosphere , mesosphere, and thermosphere,. These layers are separated by "pauses," where no change in the temperature occurs with altitude change: the tropopause (between the troposphere and the stratosphere), the stratopause (between the stratosphere and the mesosphere), and the mesopause (between the mesosphere and the thermosphere ). The stratosphere and mesosphere together are called the middle atmosphere, and their region also overlaps with the ionosphere , which is a region defined on the basis of the electric charges of the particles there.
The mesosphere, which means middle sphere, is the third layer of Earth's atmosphere, between the stratosphere, and the thermosphere. It is located from about 55 kilometers (35 miles) to 85 kilometers (54 miles) above the surface of Earth. Temperature here decreases with height, so within the mesosphere it is warmest at its lowest level (−5°C, or 23°F), and becomes coldest at its highest level (−80°C, or −112°F). Depending on latitude and season, temperatures in the upper mesosphere can be as low as −140°C (−220°F). The temperature in the mesosphere is lower than the temperature of the troposphere or stratosphere, which makes the mesosphere the coldest among the atmospheric layers. It is colder then Antarctica's lowest recorded temperature, and it is cold enough to freeze water vapor into ice clouds , which can be seen mostly after sunset.
Although the air in the mesosphere is relatively mixed, it is very thin, resulting in low atmospheric pressure . At this height, not only concentrations of ozone and water vapor are negligible, air in the mesosphere contains much less oxygen than in the troposphere. The mesosphere is also the layer in which many meteors burn up when they enter the earth's atmosphere, as a result of the collision with some of the gas particles present in this layer.
See also Atmospheric composition and structure; Stratosphere and stratopause; Thermosphere
Cite this article
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Sappho, Mary Wakefield, and Vernon Lee's 'A Wicked Voice'.(Critical essay)
Magazine article from: The Modern Language Review; 10/1/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...narrated by Magnus, a young Norwegian composer and follower of Wagner, who has come to Venice to write his opera Ogier the Dane. Detesting the music of the eighteenth century for its subordination of the composer to the demands of the singer...
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NEW FILMS
Newspaper article from: The Independent - London; 11/22/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...Director Howard Deutch Starring Kate Hudson, Dane Cook As slushy as it gets, this isn...tailored for the crude US stand-up comic Dane Cook, the conceit being that his character...Director Manoel de Oliviera Starring Bulle Ogier, Michael Piccoli Not so much a sequel...
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Ogier the Dane
Book article from: The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable
Ogier the Dane in French medieval poetry, a hero (in Danish, Holger Danske ) who is supposedly the son of the Danish king Gaufray, and who firsts fights against Charlemagne and then becomes one of his followers, noted for his skill in battle.
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Rejuvenation
Dictionary entry from: Allusions--Cultural, Literary, Biblical, and Historical: A Thematic Dictionary
...temporary. [Am. Lit.: Hawthorne “ Dr. Heidegger ’ s Experiment ” in Hart, 229] Ogier the Dane hero at the age of 100 restored to ripe manhood by Morgan le Fay. [Medieval Romance: Brewer Dictionary , 656] sage...
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Charlemagne (or Charles the Great) (742-814)
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology
...provide invulnerablity; and armor that exercises a similar guardianship on the body of its possessor. Heroes like Ogier the Dane penetrated into fairyland itself and wedded its queens. This union with fairyland was the fate of a great many medieval...
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Paladins, the
Book article from: The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature
...but Roland and Oliver figure in all the enumerations. Among the best known are Otuel , Fierabras or Ferumbras , and Ogier the Dane. Since the 16th cent. the word is applied to any great knightly champion (cf. word ‘Peer’...
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