Tonsure
Fashion, Costume, and Culture: Clothing, Headwear, Body Decorations, and Footwear through the Ages
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2004
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Copyright 2004 Gale, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. (Hide copyright information)
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Tonsure
One of the most mysterious and striking of medieval hairstyles was the tonsure (TON-shur). Beginning in the seventh and
eighth centuries, members of Christian religious orders began to shave the top of their head in order to show their purity and chastity. The size and shape of the tonsure could vary. Some wore a semi-circle tonsure, others a full circle. Some shaved just above the ears and left a full head of hair below. In some Catholic orders monks shaved all but a narrow piece of hair, leaving a fringe that looked like a crown.
The origins of the tonsure are something of a mystery. Early Celts, a people based in northern Britain, were thought to have worn the tonsure prior to their contact with the Roman Empire (27 b.c.e.–476 c.e.) and with no relation to religion. Members of both the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church wore the tonsure, and both claim that its origins go back to the time of Jesus Christ (c. 6 b.c.e.–c. 30 c.e.). The tonsure was still worn by members of some Catholic religious orders until its abolition in 1972.
FOR MORE INFORMATION
Cosgrave, Bronwyn. The Complete History of Costume and Fashion: From Ancient Egypt to the Present Day. New York: Checkmark Books, 2000.
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"Tonsure." Fashion, Costume, and Culture: Clothing, Headwear, Body Decorations, and Footwear through the Ages. The Gale Group, Inc. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 30 Nov. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.
"Tonsure." Fashion, Costume, and Culture: Clothing, Headwear, Body Decorations, and Footwear through the Ages. The Gale Group, Inc. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (November 30, 2009). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3425500198.html
"Tonsure." Fashion, Costume, and Culture: Clothing, Headwear, Body Decorations, and Footwear through the Ages. The Gale Group, Inc. 2004. Retrieved November 30, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3425500198.html
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AMEDEO MODIGLIANI
Magazine article from: Artforum; 11/1/2004; ; 700+ words
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Modigliani Committee Formed; Annual Prize Announced.(artist Amedeo Modigliani)(Brief Article)
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Amedeo Modigliani.
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Amedeo Modigliani: The Jewish Museum.(NEW YORK)
Magazine article from: Artforum International; 11/1/2004; ; 700+ words
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Newspaper article from: The Christian Science Monitor; 3/21/2006; 700+ words
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About the cover. (News & Notes).(Amedeo Modigliani)(Brief Article)
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Paris (Artprice.com)/Art Auction Market: Amedeo Modigliani Ranks 5.
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Modigliani and the artists of Paris: as a major exhibition on Amedeo Modigliani opens at the Royal Academy, London, Jeffrey Meyers, author of a new biography of the artist, places him in the context of the colourful circle of artists in Paris whom he befriended and painted in the years 1915-17.(Critical essay)(Cover story)
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Newspaper article from: The Washington Times; 4/16/2005; 700+ words
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Amedeo Modigliani
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of World Biography
Amedeo Modigliani Amedeo Modigliani (1884-1920), an Italian painter and sculptor, was one of the most fascinating personalities of the School of Paris in its heroic years and a mannerist with a personal touch. Amedeo Modigliani was born on...
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Modigliani, Amedeo
Book article from: A Dictionary of Twentieth-Century Art
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Jacques Lipchitz
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of World Biography
...that of Constantin Brancusi, who helped to expose him to many avant-garde artists, including Pablo Picasso, Amedeo Modigliani, Diego Rivera, and Max Jacob. During the same year, he executed his large and accomplished Woman and Gazelles...
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Giuseppe Ungaretti
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of World Biography
...befriended poets and artists such as Guillaume Apollinaire, Pablo Picasso, Giorgio de Chirico, Georges Braque, and Amedeo Modigliani. In 1915 his first poetry was published in the journal Lacerba. During World War I Ungaretti served as an infantry...
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Rivera, Diego
Encyclopedia entry from: U*X*L Encyclopedia of World Biography
...1859 – 1891), Henri Matisse (1869 – 1954), Raoul Dufy (1877 – 1953), and Amedeo Modigliani (1884 – 1920). As Rivera continued his travels in Europe, he experimented more with his techniques...
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