Shatt al-Arab
SHATT AL-ARAB
The narrow waterway that forms the southern border between Iran and Iraq.
The Shatt al-Arab, or Arvandrud in Persian, provides Iraq with its only means of access to the Persian Gulf. Issues of joint sovereignty over the waterway have long been a source of contention between Iran and Iraq. In 1975 Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi of Iran and Vice President Saddam Hussein of Iraq signed the Algiers Agreement, which demarcated the thalweg (middle) line along the Shatt al-Arab as the border between the two states. In September 1980 Iraq launched an offensive against the Islamic Republic of Iran, declaring one of its intentions to be the restoration of the Shatt al-Arab to sole Iraqi sovereignty. Hostilities were brought to an end in 1988, but a peace agreement remains to be signed between the two countries. UN Resolution 598 has not been implemented other than to establish a cease-fire; sovereignty of and navigation rights in the Shatt al-Arab remain unresolved. Since Iraq's massive defeat at the hands of the United States in the Gulf War of 1991, borders have reverted to the 1975 demarcations, albeit unofficially.
see also
algiers agreement (1975).
Bibliography
Sirriyeh, Hoseyn. "Development of the Iraqi–Iranian Dispute, 1847–1975." Journal of Contemporary History 20, no. 3 (1985): 483–492.
neguin yavari
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Magazine article from: German Quarterly; 1/1/2001; ; 700+ words
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Magazine article from: Reference & Research Book News; 8/1/2007; 441 words
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Magazine article from: The Germanic Review; 3/22/2005; ; 700+ words
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Franz Schubert.(Brief Article)
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Lieder, Band 10.(Franz Schubert: The Trout and The Greatest Love and The Greatest Sorrow)(Video recording review)
Magazine article from: Notes; 9/1/2006; ; 700+ words
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The Disintegration of Libussa.
Magazine article from: The Germanic Review; 3/22/1998; ; 700+ words
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Franz Grillparzer
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Franz Grillparzer Franz Grillparzer (1791-1872) is generally considered to be Austria's greatest playwright. His plays are well-written dramas of sentiment and psychological conflict, which often express a resigned attitude toward the...
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Grillparzer, Franz
Book article from: The Concise Oxford Companion to the Theatre
Grillparzer, Franz (1791–1872), Austrian...the German-speaking theatre. Of Grillparzer's other plays, which include Ein...Leben ( Life is a Dream , 1834). Grillparzer's only comedy, Weh' dem, der l...
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Matthias (Holy Roman Empire) (1557–1619; Ruled 1612–1619)
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...1611. In 1872, a play by the Austrian playwright Franz Grillparzer, Ein Bruderzwist in Habsburg, premiered in Vienna...next few years were both confused and confusing. (Grillparzer recognized the dramatic possibilities.) Matthias...
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German literature
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...Heinrich von Kleist 's stories and plays were masterpieces of dramatic economy, other important playwrights were Franz Grillparzer and C. F. Hebbel . The Nineteenth Century: Realism and Naturalism The revolutionary literary movement known as...
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