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pistil
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition | Date: 2008
pistil , one of the four basic parts of a flower , the central structure around which are arranged the stamens, the petals, and the sepals. The pistil is usually called the female reproductive organ of a flowering plant, although the actual reproductive structures are microscopic. The pistil has a bulbous base (the ovary) containing the ovules, which develop into seeds after fertilization of egg cell(s) in the ovule. A pistil is composed of one or more highly modified leaves (carpels), each containing one or more ovules. A flower may have one or more simple pistils, each a separate organ, or, in higher orders, a compound pistil, formed of several fused carpels. Usually, there is above the ovary a stalk (the style) bearing on its tip the stigma, where the pollen grains land and germinate (see pollination ). The stigma is often sticky or hairy, to retain the pollen. Evolutionary relationships can often be inferred from the location of the ovary in relation to the other parts of the flower. If the stamens, petals, and sepals are attached beneath the ovary, the flower is hypogynous and the ovary is superior; if they are attached above, the ovary is inferior and the flower epigynous; if the ovary is located in a receptacle at the outer edges of which are attached the other flower parts, it is called superior or half-inferior and the flower perigynous. A flower that has one or more pistils but no stamens (or nonfunctional ones) is called pistillate, or female, as distinguished from a staminate, or male, flower, in which the pistil is nonfunctional or absent.
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition 2008
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright 2008 Columbia University Press
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Related entries from encyclopedias, dictionaries, and thesauruses
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pistil
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia
... reproductive part of a flower . Centrally located, the pistil typically has a swollen base called the ovary ... shaped and often sticky. There may be a single pistil, as in the lily , or several to many pistils, as in the buttercup . Each pistil is constructed ...
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Fruits
Plant Sciences
... the enlargement and maturation of the pistil . Common examples of fruits include apples ... adjacent tissues that are not part of the pistil may become part of the fruit. These nonpistillate ... the receptacle, which holds the tiny pistils, forms the fleshy part of the fruit. Pears ...
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fruit
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
matured ovary of the pistil of a flower, containing the seed . After ... to form, the surrounding ovule (see pistil ) develops into a seed and the ovary ... A flower may have one or more simple pistils or a compound pistil made up of two ...
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stamen
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
... It is typically located between the central pistil and the surrounding petals. A stamen consists ... self-pollination; e.g., they may be longer than the pistil or may be so placed in relation to the pistil (as in the mountain laurel and the lady's-slipper ...
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pollination
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia
... the stamens , where they form, to the pistil . Pollination is required for fertilization ... production of seeds . On the surface of the pistil the pollen grains germinate ( germination ... are rarely in direct contact with the pistil, plants commonly rely on external agents ...
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