ectoderm
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition | Date: 2008
ectoderm layer of cells that covers the surface of an animal embryo after the process of gastrulation has occurred. This outer layer, together with the endoderm , or inner layer, is present in all early embryos. In the development of animals of the phyla Porifera , Ctenophora , and Cnidaria , these two primary layers give rise to all the tissues and organs of the animals, a process known as diploblastic development. In higher animals, such as those of the phyla Echinodermata and Chordata , a third, middle layer, the mesoderm , is formed between the ectoderm and endoderm during gastrulation, and the process is termed triploblastic development. In most embryos, differentiation of ectodermal tissue gives rise to epidermis and its specialized structures (scales, feathers, nails, and hair); some exocrine glands (sweat and sebaceous glands); some endocrine glands (the pineal body and the pituitary gland); the nervous system; and the organs of special sense (ear and eye). In animals of some phyla, such as the Mollusca and Annelida , the fate of particular cells of the embryo is determined in the earliest stages of the fertilized egg and may even be fixed at or before fertilization.
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition 2008
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright 2008 Columbia University Press
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ectoderm
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ectoderm n. The outer germ layer of a human or animal embryo, or the epidermis and nervous tissue that develops from it. Compare endoderm , mesoderm . ectodermal or ectodermic adj.[From Greek ektos outside + derma skin]
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ecto-
The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English
ecto- • comb. form outer; external; on the outside (used commonly in scientific terms): ectoderm ectoparasite.
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endoderm
A Dictionary of Psychology
endoderm n. The innermost germ layer of a human or animal embryo , from which the lining of the digestive and respiratory tracts are formed. Compare ectoderm , mesoderm .[From Greek endon within + derma skin]
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Robert Remak
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia
... embryologist and neurologist. He discovered and named the three germ layers of cells that develop in the early embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. He also discovered Remak fibres (nerve fibres with no myelin sheath) and Remak ganglia (neurons in ...
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Embryonic Development
Animal Sciences
... where it attaches to the ectoderm near the animal pole ... crest cells, derived from ectodermal cells. They develop along ... elegans ( C. elegans ) is a free-living nematode with two ... germ layers are formed: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. The ectoderm eventually forms the skin ... column, ...
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