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coureurs de bois

coureurs de bois [Fr.,=woods runners], unlicensed traders during the French regime in Canada. Traders were required to be licensed, but to only a favored few were licenses granted. The coureurs de bois defied regulations and ventured into the Canadian wilderness. Although they stimulated the growth of the fur trade and the exploration of Canada, their defiance caused problems for the government of New France and contributed to poor relations with the Native Americans, to whom they sold liquor. Toward the end of the 17th cent. it was estimated that one third of the able-bodied men of the colony were coureurs de bois, although this may be an exaggeration.

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	Common eider (Somateria mollissima v-nigrum) nest cover and depredation on central Alaskan Beaufort Sea barrier islands. Magazine article from: Arctic; 6/1/2005; ; 700+ words ; ...nidification dans des zones ayant un couvert de bois flotte. Des etudes precedentes sur les...entre le succes de la couvee et le couvert de bois flotte. Nos observations nous ont amenes...d'activite au nid et la quantite de couvert de bois flotte en presence de predateurs aviens... Read more
	Andre Cadere at Art: Concept.(PARIS)(Critical Essay) Magazine article from: Art in America; 11/1/2005; ; 475 words ; ...This small, thoughtful show included three of his trademark barres de bois (wood bars) along with documentation of some of his public performances. The form of Cadere's barres de bois is exceedingly simple: they are wooden rods of varying length composed... Read more
	Changes in driftwood delivery to the Canadian arctic archipelago: the hypothesis of postglacial oscillations of the Transpolar Drift. Magazine article from: Arctic; 3/1/1997; ; 700+ words ; ...currents RESUME. Il semble qu'il n'y ait pas de bois flotte dans la circulation de Beaufort...un passe divergent quant a l'incursion de bois flotte: la region que peut atteindre le...du Groenland, il y avait un fort apport de bois dans l'archipel Arctique canadien; quand... Read more
	Du tonneau a internet : trajectoire du chantier. Entretien avec Jean-Francois Peyret.(Paris)(Interview) Magazine article from: Etc. Montreal; 3/1/2006; ; 700+ words ; ...mot de chantier sent un peu sa langue de bois dans notre profession : on a une pr...peur du produit fini ? À propos de bois, souvenons-nous que le chantier, c'est d'abord une pièce de bois sur laquelle reposent les tonneaux. Je... Read more
	Romances Sans paroles.(Book Review) Magazine article from: The Modern Language Review; 10/1/2004; ; 495 words ; ...sent to Emile Blemont ('Simples fresques' I and II, 'Chevaux de bois', 'Ariette II', part of 'Birds in the Night', 'A Poor Young...Renaissance liWraire et artistique of May and June 1872, and 'Chevaux de bois' as it appeared in L'Artiste in 1877. Furthermore, in the edition... Read more
	Du profane au sacre: Pierre Bellemare, Les temoins (exposition). Magazine article from: Etc. Montreal; 3/1/2003; ; 700+ words ; ...chaises recuperees, juchees sur des pilots de bois, dans un equilibre a priori precaire...fixe une chaise bercante sur un pilot de bois. Cette fois, la chaise evoque la vieillesse...l'artiste a glisse deux gros pilots de bois dans les ouvertures laissees entre les... Read more
	Diviser, embrasser, puis disparaitre.(Montréal)(David Miller The Kiss art exhibit) Magazine article from: Etc. Montreal; 6/1/2006; ; 700+ words ; ...est vide. Seulement, au sol, des lattes de bois ont été astiquées tout...abstraite des structures en place (des lattes de bois et de la division murale) dont elle affirme...l'exercice de récurage des lattes de bois, une suite de gestes, le temps qui s... Read more
	Montbeliard: les etats de la sculpture (exposition). Magazine article from: Etc. Montreal; 9/1/1999; ; 700+ words ; ...1991) est constituee de treize socles de bois de caisse, identiques, trapezoidaux...terre rose supporte par des pilotis de bois emergeant d'un sollagune. Mais la forme fait probleme: les socles de bois, dans leur alignement strict, dans leur... Read more
	Olsen joins Clos du Bois.(Erik Olsen; Allied Domecq Wines USA)(Brief Article) Magazine article from: Wines & Vines; 8/1/2003; 27 words ; Allied Domecq Wines USA appointed Erik Olsen vice president/winemaker at its Clos de Bois Winery in Sonoma County. Most recently Olsen was with Chateau Ste. Michelle, Wash. Read more
	Paris: Debris de civilisation (Kendel Geers, Ex Africa semper aliquid novi, Galerie Marian Goodman, Paris, du 15 janvier au 12 ffvrier 2000) (exposition). Magazine article from: Etc. Montreal; 6/1/2000; ; 700+ words ; ...naissance par mai 68. Dans une vaste piece blanche, douze palettes de bois, posees au sol, portent autant de moniteurs video et de magnetoscopes...rythmique etrange, sourde, de douze moniteurs perdus sur des radeaux de bois. L'allusion au tableau de Gericault est immediate, le titre... Read more

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	North West Company Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition ...Canada by the British, which was formalized by the Treaty of Paris in 1763, the French traders from Montreal and the coureurs de bois were gradually supplanted, more or less, in the fur trade by Scotsmen. Many of these new traders allied themselves... Read more
	ë Dictionary entry from: International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers ...Sport de la voile (Sevestre and Motard) 1947 Les Drames du Bois de Boulogne (Loew) 1948 Un Homme à la mer (Loew); Sous...Grande Terre (Vaudremont) 1956 L'Enfant au fennec (Dupont); Coureurs de brousse (Dupont); Israel . . . terre retrouv é e (de...Robinson (de Gastyne) (co); Les Plus Beaux Jours (de ... Read more
	New France Dictionary entry from: Dictionary of American History ...premature. The emergence late in the decade of a new group, the coureurs de bois, illegal traders who soon all but replaced their Native counterparts...a handful of Montreal merchants, had largely replaced the coureurs. By then, the vast majority of "Canadiens" gained their livelihood... Read more
	Wisconsin Dictionary entry from: Dictionary of American History ...which he spelled Meskousing, roughly translated as "a gathering of waters." French voyageurs (licensed traders) and coureurs de bois (woods rangers) lived among and intermarried with Native Americans. Wisconsin beaver pelts and other furs were shipped... Read more
	North America Encyclopedia entry from: Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World ...traders penetrated those regions, American Indians could either travel to the HBC posts for English goods or deal with coureurs de bois ('woods runners') or voyageurs from Montreal, who brought them French goods until 1763 and British goods thereafter... Read more

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