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Alejandro Toledo Manrique

Alejandro Toledo Manrique 1946-, Peruvian political leader, president of Peru (2001-6). Toledo, who has indigenous Andean roots, was born into poverty in rural Peru and grew up in the port city of Chimbote. Industrious, ambitious, and charming, he won scholarships to the Univ. of San Francisco, Harvard, and Stanford, where he obtained a Ph.D. A business-school professor and an official at the World Bank, Toledo became involved in Peruvian politics as an opponent of the authoritarian policies of President Alberto Fujimori . Although Toledo had never before held or run for elective office, he formed a coalition consisting of the urban lower middle class, rural Indians, and Lima's elite, and forced Fujimori into a runoff in 2000. Fearing fraud, Toledo withdrew from the runoff, but after Fujimori fled Peru and resigned (2000), Toledo defeated former president Alan García in the 2001 presidential elections. Toledo promised to fight corruption, guarantee judicial independence, and cut military spending, but subsequent scandals and ineffectual government made him extremely unpopular. Although Peru's economy improved during his presidency, the nation's poor did not benefit. In 2006 Toledo was charged with forgery and falsifying signatures in registering his party for the 2000 elections; the former president denounced the charges as political persecution.

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	PERU: ALEJANDRO TOLEDO SWORN IN AS PRESIDENT. Newspaper article from: NotiSur - South American Political and Economic Affairs; 8/3/2001; 700+ words ; Alejandro Toledo took the oath of office before the nation...July 28, becoming Peru's 66th president. Toledo took over the presidency from the widely...corruption scandal (see NotiSur, 2000-12-08). Toledo defeated former President Alan Garcia... Read more
	PERU: PRESIDENT ALEJANDRO MARKS FIRST ANNIVERSARY.(Alejandro Toledo ) Newspaper article from: NotiSur - South American Political and Economic Affairs; 8/2/2002; 700+ words ; As Peruvian President Alejandro Toledo completed his first year in office on...indicated that it was time to start over. Toledo finished making changes in his Cabinet...style. In a nationally televised address, Toledo listed what he considered the achievements... Read more
	PERU: PRESIDENT ALEJANDRO TOLEDO SWEARS IN NEW CABINET.(presidents attempts to raise approval rating) Newspaper article from: NotiSur - South American Political and Economic Affairs; 7/4/2003; 700+ words ; Peru's President Alejandro Toledo has reorganized his Cabinet in his...bringing calls for him to step down. Toledo had difficulty making new appointments...Frente Independiente Moralizador (FIM). Toledo's party holds only 41 seats in the... Read more
	PERU: CABINET OF PRESIDENT ALEJANDRO TOLEDO RESIGNS, FIRST APPOINTEE LASTS ONE DAY.(support for coca legalization leads to cabinet reshuffle) Newspaper article from: NotiSur - South American Political and Economic Affairs; 8/26/2005; 700+ words ; Much of Peruvian President Alejandro Toledo's Cabinet stepped down in August, following...Minister Carlos Ferrero who objected to Toledo allies' support for coca legalization in the department of Cuzco. Toledo's first appointment after Ferrero's revolt... Read more
	PERU: CRITICS CALL FOR ACTION AS PRESIDENT ALEJANDRO TOLEDO COMPLETES FIRST 100 DAYS IN OFFICE.(Polling Data)(Statistical Data Included) Newspaper article from: NotiSur - South American Political and Economic Affairs; 11/9/2001; 700+ words ; ...in office, Peruvian President Alejandro Toledo is encountering increasing criticism and...billion-dollar boost in funds to fight poverty. Toledo took office July 28, and as he marked...The opposition daily Expreso said that Toledo's first 100 days have left us with a bitter... Read more
	PERU: CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE ACCUSES PRESIDENT ALEJANDRO TOLEDO OF FALSIFYING CAMPAIGN SIGNATURES. Newspaper article from: NotiSur - South American Political and Economic Affairs; 5/13/2005; 700+ words ; ...censure of Peru's President Alejandro Toledo over what it said was a criminal conspiracy...date. With one year left in his term, Toledo, his family members, and associates will...leave office without being impeached. Toledo's refusal to testify infuriates Congress... Read more
	Toledo's Metamorphoses.(works of Francisco Toledo)(Critical Essay) Magazine article from: Art in America; 2/1/2001; ; 700+ words ; ...international art circuit, the work of Francisco Toledo was seen recently in Europe in a long-awaited...Arte Reina Sofia. The British press hailed Toledo as the greatest living Mexican artist. For Toledo, the attention must have come as something... Read more
	PERU: PRESIDENT ALEJANDRO TOLEDO UNDER GROWING PRESSURE TO COME THROUGH ON CAMPAIGN PROMISES. Newspaper article from: NotiSur - South American Political and Economic Affairs; 9/21/2001; 700+ words ; ...increasing on Peruvian President Alejandro Toledo to deliver on promises to produce jobs...improve basic services for Peru's poor. But Toledo must also listen to the demands of the...policies in place for the past decade. Toledo's support has slipped noticeably since... Read more
	PERU: PRESIDENT ALEJANDRO TOLEDO HURT BY REGIONAL ELECTIONS. Newspaper article from: NotiSur - South American Political and Economic Affairs; 11/22/2001; 700+ words ; ...setback for Peruvian President Alejandro Toledo, voters in regional elections backed opposition...also elected. The elections displaced Toledo's Peru Posible (PP) from its leadership...presidential elections for a five- year term, Toledo has seen his approval rating plummet from... Read more
	PERU: PRESIDENT ALEJANDRO TOLEDO SHUFFLES CABINET. Newspaper article from: NotiSur - South American Political and Economic Affairs; 7/19/2002; 700+ words ; Peruvian President Alejandro Toledo has made major changes in his Cabinet...the public is also dissatisfied with Toledo's economic policies, especially the...suspended an Aug. 7 hearing at which Toledo was to undergo a court-ordered DNA... Read more

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