Albert Mathiez
Albert Mathiez , 1874-1932, French historian, an authority on the French Revolution. He studied under Aulard , whose scientific method he adopted, although it led him to different conclusions. Although not a member of the Socialist party, Mathiez was a follower of Jean Jaurès. Mathiez's chief work, La Révolution français (3 vol., 1922-27; tr. 1928, repr. 1962), was essentially a socialist interpretation. For Mathiez, the French Revolution began as a struggle between the bourgeoisie and the aristocracy, but evolved into a conflict that pitted the middle class against the working class. He saw the terror as a necessary response to the circumstances, and characterized Robespierre as the patron of popular democracy, and regretted Robespierre's overthrow. He published many studies of Robespierre, but no complete biography.
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Does hedging affect firm value? Evidence from the US airline industry.
Magazine article from: Financial Management; 3/22/2006; ; 700+ words
; Does hedging add value to the firm, and if so, is the source of the added value consistent with hedging theory? We investigate jet fuel hedging behavior of firms in the US airline industry during 1992...
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 "The Cincinnati Post (Cincinnati, OH)")
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HEDGING THEIR BETS\ AFTER BACKING AWAY, SOME AIRLINES RETURN TO GAMBLING ON FUEL PRICES.(Business)
Newspaper article from: The Cincinnati Post (Cincinnati, OH); 9/5/2006; 700+ words
; ...that have used a practice known as fuel hedging, which most often involves purchasing...coming years after ramping down their hedging programs as persistently high oil prices...airlines are taking cautious steps toward hedging again. The idea is to spend some money...
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Hedging risk into reward.(petrochemical futures)
Magazine article from: Chemical Week; 9/26/2001; ; 700+ words
; ...to learn about the true economic benefits of hedging and how to implement appropriate hedging programs, so they can take uncertainty and...speculative areas. This reduces the cost of hedging for the industry. Q: But isn't risk just...
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Hedging and new standards
Magazine article from: CA Magazine; 12/1/2004; ; 700+ words
; ...management strategies in net income. Hedging involves entering into one or more contracts...the timing of income recognition on the hedging item matches that of the hedged item...accounting consequences may differ and certain hedging relationships that previously qualified...
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Robustly hedging variable annuities with guarantees under jump and volatility risks.
Magazine article from: Journal of Risk and Insurance; 6/1/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...additional equity market risk and robustly hedging options embedded in the guarantees of variable...We evaluate relative performances of delta hedging and dynamic discrete risk minimization hedging strategies. Using the underlying as the hedging...
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Hedging will open up variable product design.(Variable Products)
Magazine article from: National Underwriter Life & Health-Financial Services Edition; 3/29/2004; ; 700+ words
; ...years, insurers have discovered hedging as a mechanism to manage the risk...associated with these guarantees. Today, hedging programs are becoming a common tool...lower levels of required surplus. Hedging programs usually involve the use...
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Hedging risk into reward.(Dan Gramza discusses the value of petrochemical futures)(Interview)
Magazine article from: Chemical Week; 9/12/2001; ; 700+ words
; ...to learn about the true economic benefits of hedging and how to implement appropriate hedging programs, so they can take uncertainty and...speculative areas. This reduces the cost of hedging for the industry. Q: But isn't risk just...
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AFI: Hedging is not just for pension funds.
Magazine article from: Fund Strategy; 10/22/2007; 700+ words
; Currency hedging to reduce risk on investments overseas...projected and actual returns. But is currency hedging an answer for retail investors? The strategy...to minimise risk through overlaying a hedging strategy on 100% of a fund. Others prefer...
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Pricing and hedging of discrete dynamic guaranteed funds.
Magazine article from: Journal of Risk and Insurance; 3/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...security price process. We propose a dynamic hedging strategy by adding a gamma factor to the...Simulation results demonstrate that, when hedging discretely, the risk-neutral gamma...strategy outperforms the dynamic delta hedging strategy by reducing the expected hedging...
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Hedging a useful tool to muffle currency storms
Newspaper article from: The Boston Globe; 10/4/1992; ; 700+ words
; ...funds, however, use a technique known as hedging to dampen the effects of currency fluctuations. For international stock funds, hedging can be a useful option; for bond funds...necessity. There are two main types of hedging, though each portfolio manager may have...
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Hedging
Encyclopedia entry from: International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences
Hedging Hedging is the process of using derivative financial instruments to reduce the...course of normal business operations or are associated with investments. Hedging is one of the most important functions of financial markets. Traders...
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hedging
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
hedging in commerce, method by which traders use...on the commodities market . Typically, hedging involves a trader contracting to buy or...flour sale by the gain on the wheat sale. Hedging is also employed by stock and bond traders...
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hedging against inflation
Book article from: A Dictionary of Business and Management
hedging against inflation Protecting one's cash flow, income, or capital against inflation by buying equities or making other investments that are likely to rise with the general level of prices.
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bet-hedging
Book article from: A Dictionary of Ecology
bet-hedging The behavioural response of a species population to a K -selecting environment in which occasional fluctuations in conditions...
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long hedging
Book article from: A Dictionary of Business and Management
long hedging See hedge .
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