Baron Carl Gustav Emil Mannerheim , 1867-1951, Finnish field marshal and president of Finland (1944-46). Of a distinguished Swedish-Finnish family in Russian-controlled Finland, Mannerheim rose to the rank of general in the czarist army. In 1918 he led victorious Finnish antisocialist forces against the Finnish Bolsheviks and their Soviet supporters, and in the following year he headed the new regime in Finland as regent. Defeated in the presidential elections of 1919, he went into retirement and engaged in philanthropic activity. He was appointed head of the Finnish defense council in 1931 and commanded the Finnish forces against the Soviet Union in the Finnish-Russian War of 1939-40 and again in 1941-44. In Aug., 1944, he succeeded Risto Ryti as president of Finland, and in September he terminated hostilities with the Soviet Union. He resigned the presidency in 1946 because of ill health and was succeeded by Juho Paasikivi. The Mannerheim Line, a fortified line of defense across the Karelian Isthmus, was planned by him. The Soviet army broke through the line in 1940, and it was subsequently dismantled.
Author not available, MANNERHEIM, BARON CARL GUSTAV EMIL.,
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition 2008
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright 2008 Columbia University Press
For permission to reuse this article, contact Copyright Clearance Center.
&type=1 "The Mirror (London, England)")
|
1000 years.. 1000 people; IT'S THE ULTIMATE AND MOST CONTROVERSIAL LIST OF THE MILLENNIUM: 1000 PEOPLE WHO, FOR BETTER OR WORSE, HAVE CHANGED HISTORY IN THE PAST 1000 YEARS. IT WAS AN IMPOSSIBLE TASK, BUT OF ALL THE CONTENDERS, WE FINALLY PUT THE DISCOVERER OF PENICILLIN, SCOTSMAN SIR ALEXANDER FLEMING, ON TOP .. BECAUSE WITHOUT HIM SO MANY OF US WOULD NOT HAVE BEEN HERE TO GREET THE NEW MILLENNIUM.(Features)
The Mirror (London, England); 1/1/2000; 6472 words;
... British yachtsman 164. Gustave Flaubert, French writer ... Moore, footballer 218. Carl Lewis, athlete 219 ... British newspaper baron 369. Frank Lloyd Wright ... Strindberg, playwright 540. Gustav Holst, composer 541 ... charity fund raiser 545. Baron von Richthofen, The Red Baron, German ...
|
See all results from premium newspaper and magazine articles, images, maps and more at HighBeam Research.