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Darius III
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Darius III
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Darius III (Darius Codomannus) , d. 330 BC, king of ancient Persia (336-330 BC). A cousin of Artaxerxes III, he was raised to the throne by the eunuch Bagoas, who had murdered both Artaxerxes and his son, Arses; Darius in turn murdered Bagoas. His rule was not stable, however. When Alexander the Great invaded Persia, Darius was defeated in the battle of Issus (333 BC) and again in the battle of Gaugamela near Arbela (331 BC). For the first time Persia was confronted by a united Greece, and Darius' greatest error was in underestimating Alexander's strength. Darius used the wrong tactics in battle and was forced to flee to Ecbatana and then eastward to Bactria. It was there that the satrap of Bactria, Bessus, had Darius murdered on Alexander's approach and took command himself in the unsuccessful opposition to the Macedonian conqueror. These events brought the Persian Empire to an end and marked the beginning of the Hellenistic period in the E Mediterranean. Darius III is probably the Darius the Persian mentioned in the Bible (Neh. 12.22).
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright 2008 Columbia University Press
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Darius III
Darius III ( c. 380–330 bc) King of Persia (336–330 bc). He underestimated Alexander the Great , and brought about the demise of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. Defeated at Issus (333 bc) and Gaugamela (331 bc), he fled to Ecbatana and then to Bactria, where he was killed.
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Artaxerxes III
...He also put down the unruly satraps and centralized and strengthened the empire. One of his ministers, the eunuch Bagoas, finally poisoned the king, put Artaxerxes' son Arses on the throne in 338, then deposed him in 336 in favor of Darius III .
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Battle of Gaugamela
...the forces of Alexander the Great and Darius III of Persia that brought the fall of the...Attempting to stop Alexander's incursions, Darius prepared a battleground on the Plain of...by Alexander's brilliant tactics; when Darius saw defeat was imminent, he fled and his...
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Iskenderun
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Battle of Issus
...Turkey) in which Alexander the Great , on the offensive, defeated Darius III, last king of the Achaemenian dynasty . The Macedonians were said to have lost only 450 men. Darius escaped, but the victory led to Alexander's victories over Phoenicia...
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