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ultramontanism
ultramontanism, a current of opinion in the Catholic church which favoured papal over national or diocesan authority. It came to prominence in the 18th century, especially after the Civil Constitution of the Clergy (1790), which had imposed explicit state control on the French church. Early 19th‐century popes, fearing the opposition of national governments and local hierarchies, were reluctant to encourage ultramontanism, but it grew among laity and clergy who sought a new Catholic identity to fill the gap left by waning state support for established religion. With the failure of Catholic liberalism and the increasingly precarious position of the papal states, popes turned increasingly to ultramontanist policies of church centralization. Papal authority extended itself notably with the Syllabus of Errors (1864) and the declaration of papal infallibility (1870). Although ultramontanism in Ireland has been associated with the influence of the Rome‐educated Paul Cullen, its 19th‐century success owed more to the needs of the emerging Catholic community, particularly its search for a modern, vibrant identity. Ultramontanism provided this, proving flexible enough to accommodate the late 19th‐century alliance between Catholicism and Irish nationalism. It began to lose its attraction as this alliance weakened and as the church reinterpreted the notion of papal authority following the second Vatican Council.
Thomas O'Connor |
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"ultramontanism." The Oxford Companion to Irish History. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 29 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "ultramontanism." The Oxford Companion to Irish History. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. (May 29, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O245-ultramontanism.html "ultramontanism." The Oxford Companion to Irish History. 2007. Retrieved May 29, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O245-ultramontanism.html |
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Ultramontanism
Ultramontanism. A tendency in the RC Church which favours the centralization of authority in the Papal Curia as opposed to national and diocesan independence. It developed in the 17th and 18th cents. When national and centrifugal movements such as Gallicanism, Jansenism, and Josephinism became discredited either as involved in definite heresy or as countenancing the liberal anti-Christian movements of which the French Revolution was the logical expression. The main stages of the triumph of Ultramontanism were the revival in 1814 of the Jesuit Order, which was the mainstay of curial as opposed to local authority; the publication in 1864 of the Syllabus Errorum, in which Catholicism and liberalism were held to be incompatible; and the declaration of the First Vatican Council in 1870 that the Pope is infallible when he makes a solemn pronouncement on faith or morals.
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E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Ultramontanism." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 29 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Ultramontanism." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 29, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-Ultramontanism.html E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Ultramontanism." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Retrieved May 29, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-Ultramontanism.html |
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ultramontanism
ultramontanism [Lat.,=beyond the mountains, i.e., the Alps], formerly, point of view of Roman Catholics who supported the pope as supreme head of the church, as distinct from those who professed Gallicanism or other tendencies opposing the papal jurisdiction. The term was used principally in France by Gallicans, especially before the French Revolution, but it was revived in 19th-century Germany by the group that left the church as Old Catholics after the First Vatican Council . The term is now obsolete, since all those in communion with the pope accept his supremacy. See papacy . |
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"ultramontanism." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 29 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "ultramontanism." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 29, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-ultramon.html "ultramontanism." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 29, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-ultramon.html |
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Ultramontanism
Ultramontanism (Lat., ultra montes, ‘beyond the mountains’, i.e. the Alps). A movement emphasizing the pre-eminence of Roman authority in the Church. It was opposed from the 17th cent. onwards to Gallicanism in France, Josephinism in Austria, and similar attempts elsewhere to promote the development of national churches independent of Roman, but under state, control. In the 19th cent., ultramontanism was closely associated with support for the papacy's temporal power, and for the doctrine of papal infallibility.
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JOHN BOWKER. "Ultramontanism." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 29 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN BOWKER. "Ultramontanism." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. (May 29, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Ultramontanism.html JOHN BOWKER. "Ultramontanism." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Retrieved May 29, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Ultramontanism.html |
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