threonine

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threonine

threonine , organic compound, one of the 22 α- amino acids commonly found in animal proteins. Only the l -stereoisomer appears in mammalian protein. It is one of several essential amino acids needed in the diet; human beings cannot synthesize it from simpler metabolites. Young adults need about 14 mg of this amino acid per day per kilogram (6 mg per lb) of body weight. Although threonine participates in many reactions in bacteria, including the biosynthesis of vitamin B ₁₂ and isoleucine , its metabolic role in higher animals, including man, remains obscure. It is known only as a constituent of proteins, and even in that form it is relatively unreactive. In spite of the fact that its side chain has a hydroxyl group similar to that of serine , there is no indication that it participates in the catalytic functions of any enzyme. Threonine was isolated from the protein fibrin in 1935 and synthesized in the same year.

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threonine

A Dictionary of Zoology | 1999 | | Â© A Dictionary of Zoology 1999, originally published by Oxford University Press 1999. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

threonine An aliphatic, polar, alpha amino acid.

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MICHAEL ALLABY. "threonine." A Dictionary of Zoology. 1999. Encyclopedia.com. 16 Nov. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

MICHAEL ALLABY. "threonine." A Dictionary of Zoology. 1999. Encyclopedia.com. (November 16, 2009). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O8-threonine.html

MICHAEL ALLABY. "threonine." A Dictionary of Zoology. 1999. Retrieved November 16, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O8-threonine.html

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threonine

A Dictionary of Nursing | 2008 | Â© A Dictionary of Nursing 2008, originally published by Oxford University Press 2008. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

threonine (three-ŏ-neen) n. an essential amino acid. See also amino acid.

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	IIR Industry Alert: Fermas Increases Production of L-Threonine in the Slovak Republic. Business Wire; 10/11/2002
	Feed Additive Varieties with the Greatest Potential. Magazine article from: China Chemical Reporter; 9/26/1999

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	Threonine is catabolized by L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase and threonine dehydratase in hepatocytes from domestic cats (Felis domestica) Magazine article from: The Journal of Nutrition; 9/1/1996; ; 700+ words ; ...ABSTRACT Isolated hepatocytes were used to study threonine catabolism in kittens, and dietary threonine and crude protein were varied to study enzyme...kittens which had been fed diets containing threonine at 4 or 8 g/kg of diet with either 200...
	Threonine may improve performance of toms fed low-protein diets. Magazine article from: Feedstuffs; 6/7/1999; ; 700+ words ; ...Minnesota Turkey Growers Assn., examined threonine requirements for market toms. The report...methionine are in "common use" now and threonine is commercially available as well. The...previous studies have indicated that threonine is the third limiting amino acid, after...
	Threonine requirement of neonatal piglets receiving total parenteral nutrition is considerably lower than that of piglets receiving an identical diet intragastrically Magazine article from: The Journal of Nutrition; 10/1/1998; ; 700+ words ; Threonine Requirement of Neonatal Piglets Receiving...need to be determined. The parenteral threonine requirement was determined in 3-d...examining the effect of varying dietary threonine intakes [0.05-0.6 g/(kg d...
	Threonine Utilization for Synthesis of Acute Phase Proteins, Intestinal Proteins, and Mucins Is Increased during Sepsis in Rats1 Magazine article from: The Journal of Nutrition; 7/1/2007; ; 700+ words ; Abstract We hypothesized that the dietary threonine demand for the anabolic response may be increased...13^C]valine or L-[U-^sup 13^C]threonine, we measured valine and threonine utilization for syntheses of plasma proteins...
	Threonine Utilization Is High in the Intestine of Piglets1,2 Magazine article from: The Journal of Nutrition; 4/1/2005; ; 700+ words ; ABSTRACT The whole-body threonine requirement in parenterally fed piglets is substantially...nutrition induces intestinal processes in demand of threonine. We hypothesized that the percentage of threonine utilization for oxidation and intestinal protein...
	Added threonine may sustain growth in low-protein diets.(Nutrition And Health/Poultry) Magazine article from: Feedstuffs; 9/1/2003; ; 700+ words ; ...nutritionists the opportunity to utilize L-threonine while maintaining performance with cheaper...functions that have been identified for threonine are those associated with protein synthesis...latter is perhaps where most dietary threonine is targeted because the microcomponents...
	L-threonine use in diets can lower total protein, costs.(Nutrition And Health/Poultry) Magazine article from: Feedstuffs; 1/5/2004; ; 700+ words ; ...lowered-protein broiler diets with L-threonine resulted in similar performance, body...Financial returns were greater for the L-threonine-supplemented diets. In one of the...Level of poultry meal was fixed, and L-threonine was allowed to least-cost into the...
	Luminal Threonine Concentration Acutely Affects Intestinal Mucosal Protein and Mucin Synthesis in Piglets1-3 Magazine article from: The Journal of Nutrition; 7/1/2008; ; 700+ words ; ...mucin synthesis is sensitive to dietary threonine supply, which suggests that the gut's requirement for threonine may comprise a significant proportion...effects of varying luminal availability of threonine on intestinal protein and mucin syntheses...
	Dietary Threonine Restriction Specifically Reduces Intestinal Mucin Synthesis in Rats Magazine article from: The Journal of Nutrition; 3/1/2005; ; 700+ words ; ...sensitive than total proteins to dietary threonine intake. For 14 d, male Sprague-Dawley...150% (group 150) of the theoretical threonine requirement for growth. All groups were...indicate that restriction of dietary threonine significantly and specifically impairs...
	Lack of threonine may reduce performance of finishing broilers. Magazine article from: Feedstuffs; 3/8/1999; ; 700+ words ; Marginal deficiencies of threonine, the third limiting amino acid in...have been done that investigated threonine needs of finishing broilers - and...kcal/kg of diet should receive threonine at 0.68% of the diet, he said...