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rose

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

rose common name for some members of the Rosaceae, a large family of herbs, shrubs, and trees distributed over most of the earth, and for plants of the genus Rosa, the true roses.

The Rose Family

The family is especially abundant in E Asia, Europe, and North America, where species of almost half of the family's genera are indigenous, especially in the Pacific coastal area. Many of the Rosaceae are thorny, and most are characterized by the presence of stipules on the leaf, by flowers having five sets of parts, by a fleshy fruit, such as a rose hip or an apple, that is derived in large part from a cup-shaped enlargement of the flower stalk, and by the near absence of endosperm in the seed.

Although some groups of these plants are sometimes classed as separate families, most botanists consider them all to be a single family that represents a natural phylogenetic classification, i.e., most or all members have evolved from common ancestors. The largest of the approximately 110 genera (comprising a total of some 3,100 species) are Rubus (including the raspberry, blackberry, dewberry, loganberry, and other types of bramble ), Spiraea (including the bridal wreath, meadowsweet, and hardhack), Rosa (the true roses), Crataegus ( hawthorn ), and Prunus (including the almond , apricot , blackthorn or sloe, cherry , nectarine , peach , and plum ).

Economically the rose family is of enormous importance. It provides numerous temperate fruits including (besides species of Rubus and Prunus ) the apple , loquat , medlar , pear , quince , and strawberry . The typically fragrant and beautiful flowers make many members of the family prized as ornamentals, e.g., the fruit trees and bushes mentioned and also the antelope brush , Christmasberry , mountain ash , pyracantha , and shadbush . Many genera have species that are native wildflowers of the United States; in addition to many of those above are Agrimonia ( agrimony ), Potentilla ( cinquefoil ), and Sanguisorba ( burnet ), which are also sometimes cultivated.

The True Roses

The most popular ornamentals of the family, and among the most esteemed of all cultivated plants, are the true roses. Rosa occurs indigenously in the north temperate zone and in tropical mountain areas, usually as erect or climbing shrubs with five-petaled fragrant flowers. Sometimes the foliage also is fragrant, as in the European sweetbrier , or eglantine. From many of the wild species have been developed the large number of cultivated varieties and hybrids having single or double blossoms that range in color from white and yellow to many shades of pink and red. Since many species are highly variable and hybridize easily, the classification of Rosa is sometimes difficult, and the wild type of some modern forms is not always known.

The rose has been a favorite flower in many lands since prehistoric times. It appears in the earliest art, poetry, and tradition. It has been used in innumerable ways in decoration. In ancient times it was used medically—Pliny lists 32 remedies made of its petals and leaves. Formerly it was eaten in salads and conserves. It was sacred to Aphrodite and was a favorite flower of the Romans, who spread its culture wherever their armies conquered. Among the old species are the cabbage rose and the damask rose, both native to the Caucasus; the latter especially is cultivated for the perfume oil attar of roses . The famous roses of England include the white rose that was the emblem of the house of York and the red rose of the house of Lancaster in the Wars of the Roses. The rambler rose, frequently grown on trellises and porches, and the tea and hybrid tea roses are of more recent origin, the result of modern rose culture, which really began when the East India Company's ships brought new everblooming or monthly roses from the Orient.

The rose is the emblem of England and the national flower of the United States. It is the official flower of New York state; the wild rose, of Iowa; the prairie rose, of North Dakota; and the American Beauty, of the District of Columbia. Practical uses of roses, besides their importance as a source of perfume, include a delicate-flavored jelly made from the fruits, called rose hips, of some wild species. Thorny rambling roses, such as the Oriental multiflora rose, are much used as hedge and erosion control plants in agriculture, highway landscaping, and wildlife preserves.

Classification

Roses are classified in the division Magnoliophyta , class Magnoliopsida, order Rosales, family Rosaceae.

Bibliography

See the American Rose Annual, issued by the American Rose Society; R. Genders, The Rose: A Complete Handbook (1965); S. M. Gault and P. M. Synge, The Dictionary of Roses in Color (1971).

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rose

The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English | 2009 | Copyright

rose¹ / rōz/ • n. 1. a prickly bush or shrub (genus Rosa) that typically bears red, pink, yellow, or white fragrant flowers, native to north temperate regions. Numerous hybrids and cultivars have been developed and are widely grown as ornamentals. The rose family (Rosaceae) also includes most temperate fruits (apple, plum, peach, cherry, blackberry, strawberry) as well as the hawthorns, rowans, potentillas, and avens. ∎ the flower of such a plant: [as adj.] a rose garden. ∎ used in names of other plants whose flowers resemble roses, e.g., rose of Sharon. ∎ used in similes and comparisons in reference to the rose flower's beauty or its typical rich red color. 2. a thing representing or resembling the flower, in particular: ∎ a stylized representation of the flower in heraldry or decoration, typically with five petals (esp. as a national emblem of England): the Tudor rose. ∎ short for compass rose. ∎ short for rose window. 3. a perforated cap attached to a shower, the spout of a watering can, or the end of a hose to produce a spray. 4. a warm pink or light crimson color. ∎ (usu. roses) used in reference to a rosy complexion: the fresh air will soon put the roses back in her cheeks. • v. [tr.] poetic/lit. make rosy. PHRASES: a bed of rosessee bed. come up roses (of a situation) develop in a very favorable way. rose² • past of rise.

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Rose

A Dictionary of First Names | 2006 | | Copyright

Rose ♀ Ostensibly from the vocabulary word denoting the flower (Latin rosa). However, the name was in use throughout the Middle Ages, long before any of the other girls' names derived from flowers, which are generally of 19th-century origin. In part it may refer to the flower as a symbol of the Virgin Mary, but it seems more likely that it also has a Germanic origin, probably as a short form of various girls' names based on hros ‘horse’ or hrōd ‘fame’. The Latinate form Rohesia is commonly found in documents of the Middle Ages. As well as being a name in its own right, it is currently used as a short form of Rosemary and, less often (because of their different pronunciation), of other names beginning Ros-, such as Rosalind and Rosamund.

Pet form: Rosie.

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PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Rose." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Rose." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O41-Rose1.html

PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Rose." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O41-Rose1.html

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rose

A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture | 2000 | | Copyright

rose.
1. Conventional representation of a flower (e.g. fleuron in the centre of an abacus-face on a Corinthian capital).

2. Circular ornament resembling a patera, used to decorate ceilings, etc., hence ceiling-rose in the centre from which a chandelier or light-fitting is suspended. It is often found ornamented with stylized leaves, and according to its size is termed rosace or rosette.

3. Rosewindow.

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JAMES STEVENS CURL. "rose." A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JAMES STEVENS CURL. "rose." A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O1-rose.html

JAMES STEVENS CURL. "rose." A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture. 2000. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O1-rose.html

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rose

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology | 1996 | | Copyright

rose plant and flower of the genus Rosa OE.; rose-shaped figure XIV. OE. rōse, corr. to MDu. rōse (Du. roos), OHG. rōsa (G. rose), ON. rósa; Gmc. — L. rosa, rel. obscurely to synon. Gr. rhódon; reinforced in ME. from (O)F. rose.
Hence rosy (-Y1) XIV (rare before XVI). So rosette XVIII. — (O)F.

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T. F. HOAD. "rose." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

T. F. HOAD. "rose." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-rose.html

T. F. HOAD. "rose." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-rose.html

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rose

World Encyclopedia | 2005 | Copyright

rose Wild or cultivated flowering shrub of the genus Rosa. Most are native to Asia, several to America, and a few to Europe and nw Africa. The stems are usually thorny, and flowers range in colour from white to yellow, pink, crimson and maroon; many are fragrant. There are c.250 species. Family Rosaceae.

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rosé

A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition | 2005 | | Copyright

rosé Pink‐coloured wines, either made from red grapes, allowing the skin to remain in the fermentation for only 12–36 hours, or by mixing red and white wines. Known as blush wines in the USA.

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DAVID A. BENDER. "rosé." A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

DAVID A. BENDER. "rosé." A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O39-ros.html

DAVID A. BENDER. "rosé." A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. 2005. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O39-ros.html

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rose

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music | 1996 | | Copyright

rose. Sound-hole cut to aid resonance in the lute, guitar, mandolin, etc. So-called owing to ornamental flower-like shape.

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MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE. "rose." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE. "rose." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O76-rose.html

MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE. "rose." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 1996. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O76-rose.html

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Rose

A Dictionary of First Names | 2006 | | Copyright

Rose ♀ (French) .

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PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Rose." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Rose." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O41-Rose.html

PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Rose." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O41-Rose.html

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rose

A Dictionary of Plant Sciences | 1998 | | Copyright

rose See ROSA.

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MICHAEL ALLABY. "rose." A Dictionary of Plant Sciences. 1998. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

MICHAEL ALLABY. "rose." A Dictionary of Plant Sciences. 1998. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O7-rose.html

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rosé

rosé •blasé •Bizet, Champs-Élysées, frisée •exposé, rosé

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"rosé." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"rosé." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-ros.html

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rose

rose •appose, arose, Bose, brose, chose, close, compose, diagnose, doze, enclose, expose, foreclose, froze, hose, impose, interpose, juxtapose, Montrose, noes, nose, oppose, plainclothes, pose, propose, prose, rose, suppose, those, transpose, underexpose, uprose •Berlioz • flambeaux • thrombose •bandeaux • bulldoze • fricandeaux •metamorphose • pantyhose • glucose •gallows, Hallowes •tableaux • parclose • Fellows •bedclothes • nightclothes • rouleaux •underclothes • misdiagnose •Ambrose • dextrose • Faeroes •primrose • cornrows • sucrose •Burroughs • tuberose •bateaux, gateaux, plateaux •portmanteaux • fructose

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ROSE

ROSE Computing Research Open Systems in Europe

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FRAN ALEXANDER , PETER BLAIR , JOHN DAINTITH , ALICE GRANDISON , VALERIE ILLINGWORTH , ELIZABETH MARTIN , ANNE STIBBS , JUDY PEARSALL , and SARA TULLOCH. "ROSE." The Oxford Dictionary of Abbreviations. 1998. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

FRAN ALEXANDER , PETER BLAIR , JOHN DAINTITH , ALICE GRANDISON , VALERIE ILLINGWORTH , ELIZABETH MARTIN , ANNE STIBBS , JUDY PEARSALL , and SARA TULLOCH. "ROSE." The Oxford Dictionary of Abbreviations. 1998. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O25-ROSE.html

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