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pine nut

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2008 | Copyright

pine nut or piñon , edible seed of various species of pine trees. Among the North American species that bear such edible seeds are the nut pines or piñons, Pinus edulis and P. monophylla, and the Digger pine, P. sabiniana, named after the Diggers of California. The nuts have a thin red-brown shell and range in size from about 3/4 in. (1.91 cm) to about 1 1/2 in. (3.75 cm). Pine nuts, or Indian nuts, were an important food for some early Native Americans and are still harvested in quantity both for food and for trading. They are picked from the ground, taken from squirrel caches, or extracted by hand from the cones. Some pine stands are in danger of depletion because insufficient seeds are left for reproduction. Pignolia nuts are the seeds of P. pinea of S Europe, where they are cultivated and much used for food. Quantities are exported to be used salted and in confectionery. Seeds of numerous other European and Asian pines are gathered under many local names. The name pignolia is often applied to all pine nuts and vice versa.

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"pine nut." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"pine nut." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (February 10, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-pinenut.html

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pine nuts

A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition | 2005 | | Copyright

pine nuts Or pine kernels, edible seeds of various species of pine cone, especially Mediterranean stone pine, Pinus pinea.

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DAVID A. BENDER. "pine nuts." A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

DAVID A. BENDER. "pine nuts." A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (February 10, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O39-pinenuts.html

DAVID A. BENDER. "pine nuts." A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. 2005. Retrieved February 10, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O39-pinenuts.html

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pine nut

The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English | 2009 | Copyright

pine nut • n. the edible seed of various pine trees.

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"pine nut." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"pine nut." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. (February 10, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-pinenut.html

"pine nut." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Retrieved February 10, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-pinenut.html

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

	A pine-nut dish for every palate; Of the hundred or so species of pine trees,... Newspaper article from: The Christian Science Monitor; 2/5/2003
	Tiny, versatile pine nut packs plenty of nutrition.(EN on Foods) Magazine article from: Environmental Nutrition; 7/1/2009
	Tiny, versatile pine nut packs plenty of nutrition EN on foods.(Environmental... Magazine article from: Environmental Nutrition; 4/1/2006