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pharmacology
pharmacology study of the changes produced in living animals by chemical substances, especially the actions of drugs , substances used to treat disease. Systematic investigation of the effects of drugs based on animal experimentation and the use of isolated and purified active substances developed in the mid-19th cent. Pharmacologists, emphasizing the mechanisms by which drugs act, draw on the disciplines of physiology, pathology, biochemistry, and bacteriology. Pharmacology embraces a number of sciences, including pharmacodynamics (the study of the action of drugs on a living body), therapeutics (use of drugs and method of administration in treatment for disease), materia medica (study of the source, composition, characteristics, and preparation of drugs), toxicology (the study of poisons and their action and of methods of treating poisoning), pharmaceutical chemistry (chemistry in relation to drugs), and pharmacy (the preparation and dispensing of drugs for medical use). |
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"pharmacology." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "pharmacology." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-pharmclg.html "pharmacology." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-pharmclg.html |
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pharmacology
pharmacology deals with all aspects of the actions of drugs on living tissues, particularly their effects on man. Drugs' actions, both at the molecular level (interaction of drug molecules with receptors) and also at the macroscopic or whole-body level (such as drug effects on the cardiovascular system), are considered. The subject can be divided into two main sections; pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. The first is concerned with how the effects of a drug are generated, while the second is concerned with how drugs are distributed around the body, how they are metabolized, and how they are finally excreted or eliminated from the body. Discovery of new drugs proceeds by considering how chemical agents can be used to potentiate, inhibit, or modify some cellular or bodily process.
Alan W. Cuthbert See drugs. |
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COLIN BLAKEMORE and SHELIA JENNETT. "pharmacology." The Oxford Companion to the Body. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. COLIN BLAKEMORE and SHELIA JENNETT. "pharmacology." The Oxford Companion to the Body. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O128-pharmacology.html COLIN BLAKEMORE and SHELIA JENNETT. "pharmacology." The Oxford Companion to the Body. 2001. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O128-pharmacology.html |
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pharmacology
phar·ma·col·o·gy / ˌfärməˈkäləjē/ • n. the branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effects, and modes of action of drugs. DERIVATIVES: phar·ma·co·log·ic / ˌfärməkəˈläjik/ adj. phar·ma·co·log·i·cal / -ˈläjikəl/ adj. phar·ma·co·log·i·cal·ly adv. phar·ma·col·o·gist / -ˈkäləjist/ n. |
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"pharmacology." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "pharmacology." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-pharmacology.html "pharmacology." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-pharmacology.html |
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pharmacology
pharmacology The study of the properties of drugs and their effects on living organisms. Clinical pharmacology is concerned with the effects of drugs in treating disease.
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"pharmacology." A Dictionary of Biology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "pharmacology." A Dictionary of Biology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O6-pharmacology.html "pharmacology." A Dictionary of Biology. 2004. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O6-pharmacology.html |
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pharmacology
pharmacology (farm-ă-kol-ŏji) n. the science of the properties of drugs and their effects on the body.
—pharmacological adj. —pharmacologist n. |
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"pharmacology." A Dictionary of Nursing. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "pharmacology." A Dictionary of Nursing. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O62-pharmacology.html "pharmacology." A Dictionary of Nursing. 2008. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O62-pharmacology.html |
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pharmacology
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"pharmacology." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "pharmacology." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-pharmacology.html "pharmacology." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-pharmacology.html |
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pharmacology
pharmacology •haji • algae • Angie
•argy-bargy, Panaji
•edgy, sedgy, solfeggi, veggie, wedgie
•cagey, stagy
•mangy, rangy
•Fiji, gee-gee, squeegee
•Murrumbidgee, ridgy, squidgy
•dingy, fringy, mingy, stingy, whingy
•cabbagy • prodigy • effigy • villagey
•porridgy • strategy • cottagey
•dodgy, podgy, splodgy, stodgy
•pedagogy
•Georgie, orgy
•ogee • Fuji
•bhaji, budgie, pudgy, sludgy, smudgy
•bulgy
•bungee, grungy, gungy, scungy, spongy
•allergy, analogy, genealogy, hypallage, metallurgy, mineralogy, tetralogy
•elegy
•antilogy, trilogy
•aetiology (US etiology), amphibology, anthology, anthropology, apology, archaeology (US archeology), astrology, biology, campanology, cardiology, chronology, climatology, cosmology, craniology, criminology, dermatology, ecology, embryology, entomology, epidemiology, etymology, geology, gynaecology (US gynecology), haematology (US hematology), hagiology, horology, hydrology, iconology, ideology, immunology, iridology, kidology, meteorology, methodology, musicology, mythology, necrology, neurology, numerology, oncology, ontology, ophthalmology, ornithology, parasitology, pathology, pharmacology, phraseology, phrenology, physiology, psychology, radiology, reflexology, scatology, Scientology, seismology, semiology, sociology, symbology, tautology, technology, terminology, theology, topology, toxicology, urology, zoology • eulogy • energy • synergy • apogee • liturgy • lethargy
•burgee, clergy
•zymurgy • dramaturgy
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"pharmacology." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "pharmacology." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-pharmacology.html "pharmacology." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-pharmacology.html |
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