midbrain (mesencephalon) One of the three sections of the brain of a vertebrate embryo. Unlike the
forebrain and the
hindbrain, the midbrain does not undergo further subdivision to form additional zones. In mammals it becomes part of the
brainstem, but in amphibians, reptiles, and birds the roof of the midbrain becomes enlarged as the
tectum, a dominant centre for integration, and may include a pair of
optic lobes.