leishmaniasis

leishmaniasis , any of a group of tropical diseases caused by parasitic protozoans of the genus Leishmania. The parasites live in dogs, foxes, rodents, and humans; they are transmitted by the bites of sand flies. There they infect the very white blood cells that normally would defend the body from such invaders. There are two forms of leishmaniasis. The more serious, called kala-azar or visceral leishmaniasis, affects the internal organs, causing fever, anemia, splenomegaly, and discoloration of the skin. Untreated, it can be fatal. The second, or cutaneous form, leaves deep, disfiguring sores at the site of the bite. Treatment is with amphotericin B and other drugs. Leishmaniasis is rarely seen in the United States, but is prevalent in South Asia, the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of the Mediterranean.

leishmaniasis (leesh-mă-ny-ă-sis) n. a disease, common in the tropics and subtropics, caused by parasitic protozoans of the genus Leishmania, which are transmitted by the bite of sandflies. cutaneous l. leishmaniasis that affects the tissues of the skin. See espundia, oriental sore. visceral l. leishmaniasis in which the cells of various internal organs are affected. See kala-azar.