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hooligan

A Dictionary of Sociology | 1998 | | Copyright

hooligan, hooliganism The work ‘hooligan’ emerged in the late 1890s and literally meant gangs of rowdy youths. But as Geoff Pearson demonstrates in Hooligan: A History of Respectable Fears (1983), the term also encapsulated wider anxieties about the state of the nation's youth and the breakdown of traditions of order and stability in late Victorian England. Fears about hooligans, their territorial gang fights, and their distinctive dress style went hand in hand with anxieties ranging from the failure to instil stable work habits among working-class youths, and perceived decline in the national character, to the lowered morality of the new ‘city type’ or urban degenerate. The destruction of what were held to have been previously stable traditions of family and community, resulting in hooliganism and widespread juvenile delinquency, was to become a common background theme informing a number of schemes (including the Boy Scout movement) to reclaim the hooligans. Hooliganism, then and now, is almost invariably seen as an entirely unprecedented and alien phenomenon—as well as a threat to the ‘British way of life’. For a classic account of moral panics and the processes which generate other folk devils such as Teddy Boys and Hell's Angels see S. Cohen , Folk Devils and Moral Panics (1972
).

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GORDON MARSHALL. "hooligan." A Dictionary of Sociology. 1998. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

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hooligan

The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English | 2009 | Copyright

hoo·li·gan / ˈhoōləgin/ • n. a violent young troublemaker, typically one of a gang. DERIVATIVES: hoo·li·gan·ism / -ˌnizəm/ n. ORIGIN: late 19th cent.: perhaps from Hooligan, the surname of a fictional rowdy Irish family in a music-hall song of the 1890s, also of a character in a cartoon.

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"hooligan." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-hooligan.html

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hooligan

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology | 1996 | | Copyright

hooligan XIX. of unkn. orig.

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T. F. HOAD. "hooligan." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

T. F. HOAD. "hooligan." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-hooligan.html

T. F. HOAD. "hooligan." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-hooligan.html

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hooligan

Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes | 2007 | Copyright

hooligan •deafen •griffon, stiffen •antiphon •hyphen, siphon •often, soften •orphan • ibuprofen •roughen, toughen •colophon •dragon, flagon, lagan, pendragon, wagon •snapdragon • bandwagon • jargon •Megan •Copenhagen, pagan, Reagan •Nijmegen •Antiguan, Egan, Keegan, Regan, vegan •Wigan • cardigan • Milligan • polygon •hooligan • mulligan • ptarmigan •Branigan • Oregon • Michigan •Rattigan •tigon, trigon •toboggan •Glamorgan, gorgon, Morgan, morgen, organ •Brogan, hogan, Logan, slogan •Cadogan • decagon •Aragon, paragon, tarragon •hexagon • pentagon • heptagon •octagon • Bergen • Spitsbergen

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

	Hooligan writing and the study of football fan culture: problems and... Magazine article from: Nebula; 9/1/2009
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