hardpan

Home > ... > Earth and the Environment > Geology and Oceanography > Geology and Oceanography > ...

Essential reading Compare
side-by-side A Dictionary of Earth Sciences The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition

hardpan

hardpan condition of the soil or subsoil in which the soil grains become cemented together by such bonding agents as iron oxide and calcium carbonate, forming a hard, impervious mass. It is disadvantageous to farming, interfering with the circulation of moisture in the soil and with the growth of roots through the soil. When the condition is caused by the filling of the air spaces in the soil with fine particles of clay, the subsoil is called a clay pan. This usually occurs in acid soil.

Create a link to this page

Copy and paste this link tag into your Web page or blog:

<a href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/.aspx#1E1-hardpan" title="Facts and information about hardpan">hardpan</a>

Give this article a thumbs-up on StumbleUpon

Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.

MLA
Chicago
APA

"hardpan." The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 28 Nov. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"hardpan." The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (November 28, 2009). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-hardpan.html

"hardpan." The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2008. Retrieved November 28, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-hardpan.html

Learn more about citation styles

hardpan

A Dictionary of Earth Sciences | 1999 | | Â© A Dictionary of Earth Sciences 1999, originally published by Oxford University Press 1999. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

hardpan Hardened soil horizon, usually found in the middle or lower parts of the profile, that may be indurated or cemented by a variety of possible cementing materials. See also CALICHE; DURICRUST; and PAN.

Create a link to this page

Copy and paste this link tag into your Web page or blog:

<a href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/.aspx#1O13-hardpan" title="Facts and information about hardpan">hardpan</a>

Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.

MLA
Chicago
APA

AILSA ALLABY and MICHAEL ALLABY. "hardpan." A Dictionary of Earth Sciences. 1999. Encyclopedia.com. 28 Nov. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

AILSA ALLABY and MICHAEL ALLABY. "hardpan." A Dictionary of Earth Sciences. 1999. Encyclopedia.com. (November 28, 2009). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O13-hardpan.html

AILSA ALLABY and MICHAEL ALLABY. "hardpan." A Dictionary of Earth Sciences. 1999. Retrieved November 28, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O13-hardpan.html

Learn more about citation styles

Related entries from encyclopedias, dictionaries and thesauruses

Rate these entries|See all related entries

Free newspaper and magazine articles

	Analysis of phosphate deposit "disturbances" using the horizontal-gradient responses of resistivity data (Oulad Abdoun, Morocco). Magazine article from: Earth Sciences Research Journal; 12/1/2005
	Crabgrass, bluegrass are foes of lawnowners.(LIVING) Newspaper article from: Telegram & Gazette (Worcester, MA); 9/4/2008
	Hines Mfg.(Aerators and Dethatchers) Magazine article from: California Fairways; 7/1/2004

Facts and information from other sites

Related articles from newspapers, magazines, and more

	Assessment of spatial variability of penetration resistance and hardpan characteristics in a cassava field.(Report) Magazine article from: Australian Journal of Soil Research; 5/1/2008; ; 700+ words ; ...layer is referred as plow pan or hardpan (Raper et al. 2005). Tillage...the field can cause plow pans or hardpans. Hardpans and tillage pans reduce...deep tillage to break through the hardpan layer, which allows crop roots to...
	Digging Out of `Hardpan' Lie `Offers Little Room for Error' Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 8/2/1998; ; 677 words ; ...burned out. Poor shots often leave the ball resting not on grass, but on bare dirt, in what golfers call a tight, or "hardpan," lie. "A tight lie offers little room for error," said Dean Wilson, the head professional at Swan Point Golf Club...
	Some plants actually thrive in hardpan lawns Newspaper article from: Courier News (Elgin, IL); 4/11/2007; ; 700+ words ; Call it hardpan or caliche or adobe, but all these soils add up to dense ground. And water doesn't penetrate any better than it seeps through...
	Pitching from hardpan Newspaper article from: The Malay Mail; 10/6/1999; 700+ words ; GOLFERS HELPDESK Dear Murray, Longer shafts in my woods seem to do what they are supposed to do (longer drives) but I wonder, do longer shafts in the irons work the same way? I have a set of longer- shafted irons and I don't hit them very well. Why is this? Alfred Chin (KL) Dear Alfred, There is no
	Analysis of phosphate deposit "disturbances" using the horizontal-gradient responses of resistivity data (Oulad Abdoun, Morocco). Magazine article from: Earth Sciences Research Journal; 12/1/2005; ; 700+ words ; ...was exhausted. Inclusions of sterile hardpan--so-called disturbances --are hard...layers of calcareous and argillaceous hardpan. In this field, extraction was begun...inclusions and lenses of extremely tough hardpan locally known as derangements or disturbances...
	Development of chemical caps in acid rock drainage environments Magazine article from: Mining Engineering; 6/1/1997; ; 700+ words ; ...oxyhydroxide at the surface. The hardpan layer significantly reduced...should be possible to create hardpan layers as chemical caps to...In natural environments, hardpans have been observed to precipitate...to create a self-sealing hardpan within the upper parts of columns...
	Crabgrass, bluegrass are foes of lawnowners.(LIVING) Newspaper article from: Telegram & Gazette (Worcester, MA); 9/4/2008; 700+ words ; ...plantains may indicate a compacted soil layer or hardpan beneath the lawn. Often, the hardpan is only four inches below the ground surface...because their deep taproots penetrate through the hardpan to the soil down below. Plantains grow above...
	Ponds, Pumps And Sand. Magazine article from: Dixie Contractor; 3/20/2006; 700+ words ; ...feet of the site -- down to a layer of hardpan -- to allow excavation of the lake...tap a deposit of sand that lay below the hardpan. The goal was to get sand for use in...west to east and took advantage of the hardpan to provide a solid surface on which to...
	Group hopes to reforest summit of Kahoolawe Newspaper article from: Honolulu Star - Bulletin; 9/18/1997; ; 695 words ; ...once fertile soil has eroded into red hardpan, the estimated cost is $2.93 million...soil has eroded into 1,200 acres of hardpan, the plants are expected to have more difficulty surviving. Most of the hardpan areas are in the eastern third of...
	Here's the dirt on regional gardening Newspaper article from: The Boston Globe; 7/27/1997; ; 700+ words ; ...one. Some of it was compressed into hardpan, which doesn't drain and doesn't...Normal soil has 50 percent porosity, but hardpans can come in at 30 percent, Veneman said...pressure plus melt water produced the hardpans, he said. And fierce winds associated...