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guanine
guanine , organic base of the purine family. It was reported (1846) to be in the guano of birds; later (1879-84) it was established as one of the major constituents of nucleic acids . The accepted structure of the guanine molecule was proposed in 1875, and the compound was first synthesized in 1900. When combined with the sugar ribose in a glycosidic linkage, guanine forms a derivative called guanosine (a nucleoside), which in turn can be phosphorylated with from one to three phosphoric acid groups, yielding the three nucleotides GMP (guanosine monophosphate), GDP (guanosine diphosphate), and GTP (guanosine triphosphate). Analogous nucleosides and nucleotides are formed from guanine and deoxyribose. The nucleotide derivatives of guanine perform important functions in cellular metabolism. GTP acts as a coenzyme in carbohydrate metabolism and in the biosynthesis of proteins; it can readily donate one of its phosphate groups to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to form adenosine triphosphate (ATP), an extremely important intermediate in the transfer of chemical energy in living systems. GTP is the source of the guanosine found in RNA and deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP) is the source of the deoxyguanosine in DNA, and thus guanine is intimately involved in the preservation and transfer of genetic information. Guanine is said to account for the iridescence of fish scales and the white, shiny appearance of the skin of many amphibians and reptiles. |
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"guanine." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 9 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "guanine." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (February 9, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-guanine.html "guanine." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Retrieved February 09, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-guanine.html |
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guanine
gua·nine / ˈgwänēn/ • n. Biochem. a compound, C5H5N5O, that occurs in guano and fish scales, and is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A purine derivative, it is paired with cytosine in DNA. |
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"guanine." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. 9 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "guanine." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. (February 9, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-guanine.html "guanine." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Retrieved February 09, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-guanine.html |
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guanine
guanine (gwah-neen) n. one of the nitrogen-containing bases (see purine) that occurs in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA.
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"guanine." A Dictionary of Nursing. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 9 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "guanine." A Dictionary of Nursing. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (February 9, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O62-guanine.html "guanine." A Dictionary of Nursing. 2008. Retrieved February 09, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O62-guanine.html |
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guanine
guanine A purine derivative. It is one of the major component bases of nucleotides and the nucleic acids DNA and RNA.
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"guanine." A Dictionary of Biology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 9 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "guanine." A Dictionary of Biology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (February 9, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O6-guanine.html "guanine." A Dictionary of Biology. 2004. Retrieved February 09, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O6-guanine.html |
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guanine
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MICHAEL ALLABY. "guanine." A Dictionary of Ecology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 9 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. MICHAEL ALLABY. "guanine." A Dictionary of Ecology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (February 9, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O14-guanine.html MICHAEL ALLABY. "guanine." A Dictionary of Ecology. 2004. Retrieved February 09, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O14-guanine.html |
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guanine
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MICHAEL ALLABY. "guanine." A Dictionary of Plant Sciences. 1998. Encyclopedia.com. 9 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. MICHAEL ALLABY. "guanine." A Dictionary of Plant Sciences. 1998. Encyclopedia.com. (February 9, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O7-guanine.html MICHAEL ALLABY. "guanine." A Dictionary of Plant Sciences. 1998. Retrieved February 09, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O7-guanine.html |
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guanine
guanine A purine base that occurs in both DNA and RNA.
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MICHAEL ALLABY. "guanine." A Dictionary of Zoology. 1999. Encyclopedia.com. 9 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. MICHAEL ALLABY. "guanine." A Dictionary of Zoology. 1999. Encyclopedia.com. (February 9, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O8-guanine.html MICHAEL ALLABY. "guanine." A Dictionary of Zoology. 1999. Retrieved February 09, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O8-guanine.html |
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guanine
guanine One of the purines.
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DAVID A. BENDER. "guanine." A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 9 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. DAVID A. BENDER. "guanine." A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (February 9, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O39-guanine.html DAVID A. BENDER. "guanine." A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. 2005. Retrieved February 09, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O39-guanine.html |
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