Pharmacology

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. A Dictionary of Nursing Further reading

gramicidin

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

gramicidin , antibiotic obtained from the bacterial species Bacillus brevis, which is found in soil. Gramicidin is particularly effective against gram-positive bacteria (see Gram's stain ). Because the drug is highly toxic, it cannot be administered internally and so is used only on the skin as a lotion or ointment. It is used primarily in the treatment of infected surface wounds, and in eye, nose, and throat infections. In 1939 the American microbiologist René Dubos isolated the substance tyrothricin and later showed that it was composed of two substances, gramicidin and tyrocidine. These were the first antibiotics to be manufactured commercially.

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gramicidin

A Dictionary of Nursing | 2008 | Copyright

gramicidin (gram-i-sy-din) n. an antibiotic that acts against a wide range of bacteria. It is used in combination with other antibacterial drugs or steroids in topical preparations for the treatment of skin, ear, and eye infections.

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"gramicidin." A Dictionary of Nursing. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"gramicidin." A Dictionary of Nursing. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O62-gramicidin.html

"gramicidin." A Dictionary of Nursing. 2008. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O62-gramicidin.html

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

	Fluorescence quenching of gramicidin D in model membranes by halothane. Magazine article from: Canadian Journal of Chemistry; 7/1/2007
	A primer on topical antibiotics for the skin and eyes.(SCHOOLS OF PHARMACOLOGY) Magazine article from: Journal of Drugs in Dermatology; 4/1/2008
	Chemical stop signs: controlling proton flow with carbonyls.(Chemical Shifts) Magazine article from: Canadian Chemical News; 3/1/2004