genius

genius in Roman religion, guardian spirit of a man, a family, or a state. In some instances, a place, a city, or an institution had its genius. As the guardian spirit of an individual, the genius (corresponding to the Greek demon) was largely the force of one's natural desires. The genius of the paterfamilias was honored in familial worship as a household god and was thought to perpetuate a family through many generations. Notable achievements or high intellectual powers of an individual were attributed to his genius, and ultimately a man of achievements was said to have genius or to be a genius.

genius tutelary deity or spirit; demon; characteristic or prevalent disposition or spirit XVI; innate capacity, person as possessing this XVII; extraordinary native intellectual power XVIII. — L. genius attendant spirit, inclination, appetite, (rarely) intellectual capacity, prob. :- *gṇjos, corr. to Gmc. *kunjam KIN. (In XVII–XVIII forms repr. F. génie and It. genio were used in various senses of genius).