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fallacy

The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
fallacy in logic, a term used to characterize an invalid argument. Strictly speaking, it refers only to the transition from a set of premises to a conclusion, and is distinguished from falsity, a value attributed to a single statement. The laws of syllogisms were systematically elaborated by Aristotle, and for an argument to be valid, it must adhere to all the laws; to be fallacious, it need only break one (see syllogism ). The term fallacy has come to be used in a somewhat wider sense than the purely formal one. Informal fallacies are said to occur when statements are ambiguous or vague... Read more
naturalistic fallacy
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Fallacy of treating the term 'good' (or any equivalent term) as ... open-question argument' against what he called the naturalistic fallacy, with the aim of proving that 'good' is the name of a simple ... supernatural such as 'what God wills,' the term 'naturalistic fallacy' is not apt. The open-question ... Read more
sample size fallacy
A Dictionary of Psychology sample size fallacy n. A failure to take account of sample ... a known population. Research into the fallacy was first reported by the Israeli psychologists ... small sample than in a large one. The fallacy is explained by the use of the representativeness ... Read more
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Grouping and gambling: A Gestalt approach to understanding the gambler's fallacy
Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology; 6/1/2003; Roney, Christopher J R; Trick, Lana M; 5074 words ; Abstract The gambler's fallacy was examined in terms of grouping processes. The gambler's fallacy is the tendency to erroneously believe that ... of "Block 2"). As predicted, the gambler's fallacy was evident when the critical trial was grouped ... Read more
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The p-value fallacy and how to avoid it
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Randomness and inductions from streaks: "Gambler's fallacy" versus "hot hand"
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review; 2/1/2004; Burns, Bruce D; Corpus, Bryan; 4289 words ; ... will be broken (belief in the gambler's fallacy) but, other times, that such a run will ... induction is often known as the gambler s fallacy, a tendency to believe that a streak of ... explanation for belief in the gambler's fallacy was that it is due to the representativeness ... Read more
Iraq war fallacies: proponents of keeping our soldiers in Iraq repeatedly offer the same rationale for their viewpoint. Here, their most often cited reasons are refuted.
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Fallacies and confusions
Musical Times; 10/1/2004; Graubart, Michael; 2550 words ; ... article in the Spring 2004 MT, 'The poietic fallacy', elaborates the idea that the Schoenberg ... listener, calls this belief the 'poietic fallacy'. I should like to propose that Schoenberg ... followers were not victims of the poietic fallacy at all, but that they muddied the waters ... Read more
fallacy
Skeptic; 1/1/2006; Lambdin, Charles; 819 words ; THE FALLACY OF THE GOLDEN Mean, a.k.a. Fallacy of the Mean, Fallacy of Compromise, or Fallacy of Moderation, is based on the assumption that the middle ground is always more likely to he a correct position than the two positions that are identified ... Read more
Fallacy.
Skeptic (Altadena, CA); 1/1/2006; Lambdin, Charles; 811 words ; THE FALLACY OF THE GOLDEN Mean, a.k.a. Fallacy of the Mean, Fallacy of Compromise, or Fallacy of Moderation, is based on the assumption that the middle ground is always more likely to be a correct position than the two positions that are identified ... Read more

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