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fallacy

The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
fallacy in logic, a term used to characterize an invalid argument. Strictly speaking, it refers only to the transition from a set of premises to a conclusion, and is distinguished from falsity, a value attributed to a single statement. The laws of syllogisms were systematically elaborated by Aristotle, and for an argument to be valid, it must adhere to all the laws; to be fallacious, it need only break one (see syllogism ). The term fallacy has come to be used in a somewhat wider sense than the purely formal one. Informal fallacies are said to occur when statements are ambiguous or vague... Read more
naturalistic fallacy
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Fallacy of treating the term 'good' (or any equivalent term) as ... open-question argument' against what he called the naturalistic fallacy, with the aim of proving that 'good' is the name of a simple ... supernatural such as 'what God wills,' the term 'naturalistic fallacy' is not apt. The open-question ... Read more
sample size fallacy
A Dictionary of Psychology sample size fallacy n. A failure to take account of sample ... a known population. Research into the fallacy was first reported by the Israeli psychologists ... small sample than in a large one. The fallacy is explained by the use of the representativeness ... Read more

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