eviction, the physical expulsion by landlords of tenants from rented property. Normally this was done without their agreement and after serving them with either a civil ejectment process (usually for non‐payment of rent or overholding) or a notice to quit (for lease infringements or to terminate an annual tenancy). From 1846 the Irish Constabulary (see royal irish constabulary) made returns of evictions carried out after due legal process and recorded 117,000, affecting approximately 587,000 people, between 1846 and 1887. Other contemporary estimates put the total figure (including voluntary surrenders) at twice this number. The rate of evictions varied regionally and annually and mirrored agrarian crises such as the Famine and the Land War. Connacht and Munster consistently experienced the highest incidence. The greatest number, 70,000, occurred between 1846 and 1853, when perhaps a quarter of a million people were permanently evicted, as landlords sought through widespread clearances to rid their estates of pauperized smallholders. The ruthlessness of many of these Famine evictions, and their miserable and often fatal consequences for the tenants, appalled contemporary observers and left an enduring legacy of hatred in the countryside. Arguably, the power to evict was an inevitable concomitant of a land system based on great tenanted estates, but the number and manner of evictions during and after the Famine became a cause célèbre in the debate over the land question in the later 19th century.

Lindsay Proudfoot

EVICTION

The removal of a tenant from possession of premises in which he or she resides or has a property interest done by a landlord either by reentry upon the premises or through a court action.

Eviction may be in the form of a physical removal of a person from the premises or a disturbance of the tenant's enjoyment of the premises by disrupting the services and amenities that contribute to the habitability of the premises, such as by cutting off all utilities services to an apartment. The latter method is known as constructive eviction. An action of ejectment is a legal process by which a landlord or owner of land may seek the eviction of his or her tenant.

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