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eisteddfod
eisteddfod, meaning a session or congress, was a competition of Welsh bards and minstrels under the patronage of the aristocracy. The institution was of great antiquity since the laws of Hywel Dda (d. 950) describe in some detail arrangements for chairing the bard, the climax of the activities. Gruffydd ap Cynan, king of Gwynedd, is said to have held an eisteddfod at Caerwys about 1100 and Rhys ap Gruffydd, king of Deheubarth, at Cardigan in 1176. Another important gathering was at Carmarthen c.1450, presided over by Gruffydd ap Nicholas, which laid down the rules of poetic metre. A rather strange commission by Elizabeth in 1568 suggested that the principality was crawling with bards and minstrels and authorized an eisteddfod at Caerwys to restore order—competent bards were to be recognized by experts, ‘the rest not worthy to return to some honest labour’. The institution declined in the 17th cent. but in the 18th cent. there was a marked increase of interest in Welsh language and culture, with the Society of Cymmrodorion set up in 1751 and the Gwynnedigion Society in 1771. Revivals of local eisteddfodau soon followed, with meetings at Corwen and Bala in 1789. ‘The first of the great modern eisteddfodau’ was held at Carmarthen in 1819. The National Eisteddfod Association was formed in 1880 and holds an annual gathering, alternating between north and south Wales. There are also provincial and local eisteddfodau.
J. A. Cannon |
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JOHN CANNON. "eisteddfod." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "eisteddfod." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-eisteddfod.html JOHN CANNON. "eisteddfod." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-eisteddfod.html |
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eisteddfod
eisteddfod [W eistedd, to sit; fod (bod), to be]. An annual assembly of Welsh poets and musicians. The National Eisteddfod, established 1860, has become the principal cultural festival of the Welsh people, held each year in the first week of August, at venues alternating between north and south. Since 1880, the National Eisteddfod has been the charge of a professional association under the aegis of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion. The Welsh language has always predominated in proceedings, and was made the rule in 1937. Usually attended by crowds of 150,000, it is the model for cultural assemblies in other Celtic lands. Although the term is now coloured by 19th-century cultural revival, the origin of the eisteddfod can be traced to the bardic order and can be traced with certainty to the 15th century and perhaps as early as 1176. See Hywel T. Edwards, The Eisteddfod (Cardiff, 1990). See also GORSEDD BEIRDD YNYS PRYDAIN.
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JAMES MacKILLOP. "eisteddfod." A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JAMES MacKILLOP. "eisteddfod." A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O70-eisteddfod.html JAMES MacKILLOP. "eisteddfod." A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology. 2004. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O70-eisteddfod.html |
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eisteddfod
eisteddfod [Welsh,=session], Welsh competitive festival. Contests traditionally are held in all the arts and crafts, with special emphasis on music and poetry. The National Eisteddfod is held annually for one week in August, alternately in the north and the south, but local eisteddfods are held throughout Wales during the year. A historical institution (12th cent.), it is important in maintaining national feeling and preserving the Welsh language and culture and is enthusiastically supported by the Welsh. Its outstanding ceremony is the "chairing" of the winning bard. The bardic assembly (gorsedd) has been a part of the National Eisteddfod since 1819. The Llangollen International Musical Eisteddfod, begun in 1947 at Llangollen, Denbighshire, is held annually in July, and features choral, instrumental, and folk music and dance performed by some 4,000 artists. |
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"eisteddfod." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "eisteddfod." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-eisteddf.html "eisteddfod." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-eisteddf.html |
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Eisteddfod
Eisteddfod (Welsh, ‘Session’, from eistedd, ‘to sit’. Plural Eisteddfodau). The nat. Welsh gathering of bards and celebration of Welsh language and culture, dating in its present form from 1817, though it is said to date back, in one form or another, as far as the 7th cent., with a suspension throughout the entire 18th cent. and a few years before and after it. It now takes place annually (in Aug.) alternately in towns in N. and S. Wales. Degrees conferred on musicians by Gorsedd Beirdd Ynys Prydain (Throne of Bards of the Isle of Britain) are Cerdd Ofydd (Music Ovate), Cerddor (Musician), and Pencerdd (Chief Musician). Many local Eisteddfodau exist in the form of competitive fests. An int. Eisteddfod, at which choirs and dancers from all over the world compete, has been held annually in Llangollen since 1947.
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MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE. "Eisteddfod." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE. "Eisteddfod." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O76-Eisteddfod.html MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE. "Eisteddfod." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 1996. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O76-Eisteddfod.html |
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eisteddfod
eisteddfod, meaning a session or congress, is a competition of Welsh bards and minstrels. The institution is of great antiquity since the laws of Hywel Dda (d. 950) describe arrangements for chairing the bard. A strange commission by Elizabeth in 1568 suggested that the principality was crawling with bards—competent bards were to be recognized by experts, ‘the rest not worthy to return to some honest labour’. In the 18th cent. there was a marked increase of interest in Welsh culture, with the Society of Cymmrodorion set up in 1751. Revivals of local eisteddfodau followed, with meetings at Corwen and Bala in 1789. ‘The first of the great modern eisteddfodau’ was held at Carmarthen in 1819. The National Eisteddfod Association was formed in 1880 and holds an annual gathering.
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Cite this article
JOHN CANNON. "eisteddfod." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "eisteddfod." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-eisteddfod.html JOHN CANNON. "eisteddfod." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-eisteddfod.html |
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eisteddfod
eisteddfod a competitive festival of music and poetry in Wales, in particular the annual National Eisteddfod. The word is from Welsh, and means literally ‘session’, from eistedd ‘sit’.
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ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "eisteddfod." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "eisteddfod." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-eisteddfod.html ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "eisteddfod." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-eisteddfod.html |
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eisteddfod
eisteddfod congress of Welsh bards. XIX. — W., ‘session’, f. eistedd sit, for *eitsedd, f. IE. *sed- SIT.
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T. F. HOAD. "eisteddfod." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. T. F. HOAD. "eisteddfod." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-eisteddfod.html T. F. HOAD. "eisteddfod." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-eisteddfod.html |
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Eisteddfod
Eisteddfoda company of druids; a congress of bards, 1822. |
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"Eisteddfod." Dictionary of Collective Nouns and Group Terms. 1985. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Eisteddfod." Dictionary of Collective Nouns and Group Terms. 1985. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2505300587.html "Eisteddfod." Dictionary of Collective Nouns and Group Terms. 1985. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2505300587.html |
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eisteddfod
eisteddfod
•bod, clod, cod, god, hod, mod, nod, od, odd, plod, pod, prod, quad, quod, rod, scrod, shod, sod, squad, tod, Todd, trod, wad
•demigod • amphipod • unipod
•tripod • isopod • myriapod • decapod
•cephalopod • monopod • macropod
•gastropod • arthropod • sauropod
•ramrod • Nimrod • hotrod • pushrod
•goldenrod • Novgorod • slipshod
•roughshod • eisteddfod • tightwad
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"eisteddfod." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "eisteddfod." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-eisteddfod.html "eisteddfod." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-eisteddfod.html |
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