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chancellor
chancellor, the royal official who had custody of the Irish great seal and was responsible for issuing letters in the king's name sealed with it. The first Irish chancellor was Ralph Neville, bishop of Chichester and chancellor of England, who was granted the Irish chancery for life in 1232. The office was subsequently held by bishops and priors of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem in Ireland, as well as by administrators. The chancellor was the most senior member of the Irish council, frequently travelling around the country with the justiciar and taking part in military operations. He was paid an annual fee at the Irish exchequer and also received the money paid for the issue of letters under the great seal, out of which he had to maintain a staff of clerks. In 1395 this variable amount was replaced by an increase in his yearly fee.
With the growth of the court of chancery (see courts of law) from the 16th century, the judicial functions of the chancellor (now generally referred to as lord chancellor) became more important. But the holder of the office remained a central figure in the Irish executive. He presided over the Irish privy council when the chief governor was out of Dublin, and was frequently chosen as a lord justice. Indeed chancellors, as long‐term office holders, often had more experience in government than the chief governors. Furthermore they enjoyed considerable patronage in the courts and locally over justices of the peace and sheriffs, and hence over elections. Following the Act of Union the chancellor lost one important function, that of presiding over meetings of the House of Lords. Thereafter the office became primarily a legal one, though holders left office on changes of government. In 1922 the functions of the lord chancellor passed to the chief justice of the Irish Free State. Philomena Connolly/ and Hiram Morgan |
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"chancellor." The Oxford Companion to Irish History. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "chancellor." The Oxford Companion to Irish History. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O245-chancellor.html "chancellor." The Oxford Companion to Irish History. 2007. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O245-chancellor.html |
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Chancellor
CHANCELLORA secretary, secretary of state, or minister of a king or other high nobleman. The king's chancellor in England during the Middle Ages was given a variety of duties, including drawing up writs that permitted the initiation of a lawsuit in one of the common-law courts and deciding disputes in a way that gave birth to the system of law called equity. His governmental department was called the Chancery. The Chancellor of the Exchequer in England is like the secretary of the U.S. treasury, but in former times he also presided over a court called the Court of Exchequer, which at first heard disputes over money owed to the king but eventually heard a wide variety of cases involving money. This jurisdiction was founded on the theory that a creditor who could not collect a debt would later be less able to pay whatever he owed to the king. Chancellor has also been used as the title for a judge who sits in a court of equity, for the president of a university, or for the public official in charge of higher education in some states. |
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"Chancellor." West's Encyclopedia of American Law. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Chancellor." West's Encyclopedia of American Law. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3437700790.html "Chancellor." West's Encyclopedia of American Law. 2005. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3437700790.html |
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chancellor
chancellor. In the C of E, the diocesan chancellor is a professional lawyer who is the chief representative of the bishop in the administration of the temporal affairs of his diocese. He is usually the sole president of the Consistory Court in faculty cases. He deals with applications for faculties and, through his surrogates, common marriage licences. With two clerical and two lay assessors as jury, he hears complaints against clerics under the Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction Measure 1963, when these do not involve matters of doctrine, ritual, or ceremonial.
In England the title of chancellor is also held by one of the residentiary canons in cathedrals of the ‘Old Foundation’. He used to be responsible for the cathedral school and library but now often has wider educational functions. In the RC Church, the diocesan chancellor is primarily responsible for the official archives, but considerable authority is often delegated to him by the bishop. |
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E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "chancellor." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "chancellor." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-chancellor.html E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "chancellor." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-chancellor.html |
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chancellor
chancellor Chancellor of England, the highest officer of the crown XI; Chancellor of the Exchequer, the highest finance minister XIV; head of a university XIV; diocesan vicar-general XVI; (Sc.) foreman of a jury XVIII. The earliest forms canc(h)eler were succeeded by chanceler, later (XVI) by forms with the substituted suffix -o(u)r. — AN. c(h)anceler, OF. cancelier, (also mod.) chancelier, semi-learned — late L. cancellārius porter, secretary, f. cancellī (see CHANCEL) + -arius -ER 2; the L. word was orig. applied to an officer whose position was ad cancellos at the bars (e.g. of a court).
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T. F. HOAD. "chancellor." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. T. F. HOAD. "chancellor." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-chancellor.html T. F. HOAD. "chancellor." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-chancellor.html |
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chancellor
chan·cel·lor / ˈchans(ə)lər/ • n. a senior state or legal official. ∎ the head of the government in some European countries, such as Germany. ∎ the presiding judge of a chancery court. ∎ the president or chief administrative officer of a college or university. ∎ a bishop's law officer. ∎ (Chancellor) short for Chancellor of the Exchequer. DERIVATIVES: chan·cel·lor·ship / -ˌship/ n. |
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"chancellor." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "chancellor." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-chancellor.html "chancellor." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-chancellor.html |
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Chancellor
Chancellor. An administrative officer in a Christian diocese.
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JOHN BOWKER. "Chancellor." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN BOWKER. "Chancellor." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Chancellor.html JOHN BOWKER. "Chancellor." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Chancellor.html |
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