William Weber Coblentz

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William Weber Coblentz

The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition | 2008 | The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright 2008 Columbia University Press. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

William Weber Coblentz , 1873-1962, American physicist, b. North Lima, Ohio, grad. Case School of Applied Science (B.S., 1900) and Cornell (Ph.D., 1903). From 1905 to 1945 he was physicist with the National Bureau of Standards. He was the first to verify Planck's law, and he conducted valuable researches on infrared and ultraviolet radiation, the measurement of stellar radiation and planetary temperatures, and the optical properties of iodine.

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"William Weber Coblentz." The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Nov. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

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Weber, Ben

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music | 1996 | | © The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music 1996, originally published by Oxford University Press 1996. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Weber, Ben (b St Louis, 1916; d NY, 1979). Amer. composer. On staff NY College of Mus. from 1966. Works incl. Symphony on Poems of William Blake, bar., chamber ens., vn. conc., pf. conc., chamber mus., songs, etc. One of first Amer. composers to use 12-note technique, but generally with strong tonal associations.

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MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE. "Weber, Ben." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Nov. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE. "Weber, Ben." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. (November 10, 2009). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O76-WeberBen.html

MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE. "Weber, Ben." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 1996. Retrieved November 10, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O76-WeberBen.html

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United Steelworkers of America v. Weber

The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States | 2005 | | © The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States 2005, originally published by Oxford University Press 2005. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

United Steelworkers of America v. Weber, 443 U.S. 193 (1979), argued 28 Mar. 1979, decided 27 June 1979 by vote of 5 to 2; Brennan for the Court, Burger and Rehnquist in dissent, Powell and Stevens not participating. Despite earlier opportunities, Weber was the first case in which the Supreme Court specifically addressed affirmative action in employment.

The master collective bargaining agreement for the Kaiser Aluminum Company had been adapted from a settlement of employment discrimination claims in the steel industry. Craft hiring goals for blacks were set at each Kaiser plant equal to the percentage of blacks in the respective local labor forces. On the job training programs were established for unskilled production workers, both black and white. Admission to the programs was based on seniority, with 50 percent of the openings in these newly created in‐plant training jobs available for whites.

Weber, an unskilled white employee at the Kaiser plant in Gramercy, Louisiana, had more service than some of the black employees selected for the program but less than any of the successful white applicants. He sued the company and the union, alleging that the program's racial classification for admission violated Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Acknowledging that Weber's literal interpretation of the act was not without force, Justice William J. Brennan, for the majority, emphasized the significance of the fact that the program was voluntarily adopted by private parties to eliminate traditional patterns of racial segregation. He noted that judicial findings of exclusion from crafts on racial grounds are so numerous as to make such exclusion a proper subject for judicial notice.

The court rejected Weber's argument that Title VII specifically prohibited any grant of preferential treatment to racial minorities. It held that Title VII's prohibitions against racial discrimination do not condemn all private, voluntary, race‐conscious affirmative action plans.

The Court declined to define in detail the line of demarcation between permissible and impermissible affirmative action plans. But this plan did not unnecessarily trammel the interests of white employees, did not require the discharge of whites to make room for blacks, and did not permanently bar the advancement of white employees. The plan was temporary, and it was not intended to maintain racial balance but simply to eliminate a manifest racial imbalance. Therefore, it fell within the area of discretion left by Title VII to the private sector voluntarily to adopt affirmative action plans designed to eliminate conspicuous racial imbalance in traditionally segregated job categories.

See also Employment Discrimination; Labor; Race and Racism.

James E. Jones, Jr.

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KERMIT L. HALL. "United Steelworkers of America v. Weber." The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States. Oxford University Press. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Nov. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

KERMIT L. HALL. "United Steelworkers of America v. Weber." The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States. Oxford University Press. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (November 10, 2009). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O184-UnitedSteelworkrsfmrcvWbr.html

KERMIT L. HALL. "United Steelworkers of America v. Weber." The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States. Oxford University Press. 2005. Retrieved November 10, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O184-UnitedSteelworkrsfmrcvWbr.html

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Related articles from newspapers, magazines, and more

CORPORATION COMMISSION
Newspaper article from: The Journal Record; 11/9/1991; 700+ words ; ...Mark Wilson, John K. Weber, Tom Hoefling, Arco Oil...Carolyn L. Fowler, Ersie Coblentz, Alfreda Casey, Ruth Elizabeth Coblentz, Howard F. Colton, Marguerite...Corporation, H.A. Miller, William Moore, Jr., Margo Jean Kersten...
Wayne County Schools Career Center
Newspaper article from: Daily Record, The Wooster, OH; 2/16/2008; ; 700+ words ; ...Blevins, Courtney Casey, Trent Coblentz, Justin Hofstetter, Chad...Thacker, Randi Thayer, Eric Weber, Nicole Wise. Orrville...Jennifer Bresson-Pack, William Confer, Donald Evans III, William Hunter, Candace Kelley, Erin...
West Holmes Middle School
Newspaper article from: Daily Record, The Wooster, OH; 2/8/2008; ; 700+ words ; ...Schonauer, Andrew Vaccariello, Kori Weber. Honor Roll Sixth grade -- Josie Allison...Madelyn Brewer, Evan Chmielewski, Kaili Coblentz, Brandon Conn, Caleb Cox, Tiffany Dulkoski...Mast, Atlee Miller, Jonathan Miller, William Miller, Shania Morrow, Dustin Niehaus...
EAST SALEM PUPILS 'READ FOR FEED'
Newspaper article from: Roanoke Times & World News; 5/9/2002; ; 700+ words ; ...Letisha Beachy, Lauren Blair, Abby Coblentz, Matthew Collins, Lauren Cook, Jason...Meredith Tenison, Katherine Wagner, Jacob Weber, Jessica White and Benjamin Whitt. From...Tlockowski and Elizabeth Tomlinson. From William Byrd High: Stefanie Bartley, Ashley...
Triway High School honor roll
Newspaper article from: Daily Record, The Wooster, OH; 4/29/2007; ; 700+ words ; ...Tiffany Mullen, Brandon Butcher, Kimberly Coblentz, Dana Deeds, Mark Minks, Nicole Kelley...Lyons, Garrett Marcum, Jared Julien, William Anfang, Heidi Rettig, Devon Schafrath...Lindsay Henley, Shelby Root, Sebastian Weber, Anthony Marini, Nicholas Myrda, Lyndsey...
Wayne County School Career Center
Newspaper article from: Daily Record, The Wooster, OH; 6/20/2008; ; 700+ words ; ...Walker Dalton -- Erica Blevins, Trent Coblentz, Justin Hofstetter, Sheena Sarno, Ryan...Randi Thayer, Alina Tullius, Eric Weber. Orrville -- Adam Amstutz, Jennifer...Pack, Jimmy Chupp, Erin Clausnitzer, William Confer, Donald Evans III, Alyssa Hall...
W. Holmes Middle School students honored at assembly
Newspaper article from: Daily Record, The Wooster, OH; 5/31/2007; ; 700+ words ; ...Samantha Taylor, Michael Tucker, Kori Weber, Jenna Wright. Eighth grade -- Bronson...Patterson, Hayley Polen, Kara Schrock, William Shedron, Angelina Shirey, Taylor Smith...Becca Chanay, Taylor Clark, Karissa Coblentz, Megan Duff, Casey Ernst, Errick Flinner...
West Holmes Middle School honor roll
Newspaper article from: Daily Record, The Wooster, OH; 2/4/2007; ; 700+ words ; ...Amanda Schlauch, Patrick Shriver, Kori Weber, Courtney Wigton, Jenna Wright. Eighth...Olney, Ashley Patterson, Ethan Rawson, William Shedron, Cassidy Skelly, Rebecca Wengerd...Becca Chanay, Taylor Clark, Karissa Coblentz, Megan Duff, Casey Ernst, Errick Flinner...
Triway High School
Newspaper article from: Daily Record, The Wooster, OH; 1/30/2007; ; 700+ words ; ...Renita Davis, Zachary Houmard, Kimberly Coblentz, Alexander Hoessle, Haley Carr, Mark...Andrew Nelson, Noah Schlabach, Sebastian Weber, Nicholas Myrda, Zachary Stauffer...Winkler, Anthony Mendiola. Freshmen -- William Anfang, Brandy Edgell, Joshua Gravius...
WH Middle School honors achievements
Newspaper article from: Daily Record, The Wooster, OH; 6/7/2008; ; 700+ words ; ...Schonauer, Andrew Vaccariello, Kori Weber. Honor Roll, 3.5-3.999 Sixth grade...Terrell Byler, Evan Chmielewski, Kaili Coblentz, Brandon Conn, Caleb Cox, Brent Delong...Markley, Jordan McCartney, Atlee Miller, William (Grayson) Miller, Shania Morrow, Dustin...

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