British and Irish History: Biographies

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William I

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church | 2000 | | Copyright

William I (?1028–87), Duke of Normandy and King of England (‘the Conqueror’). The illegitimate son of Duke Robert I, William won and kept firm control over Normandy. Here he presided over an ecclesiastical revival. In 1066, with the blessing of Alexander II, he conquered England. His relations with Rome remained generally co-operative. There was no conflict over lay investiture, which William continued to practise. The episcopate in England was largely Normanized and, with Abp. Lanfranc, the King saw to the implementation of Papal legislation on simony, clerical immorality, and diocesan administration.

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E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "William I." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "William I." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-WilliamI.html

E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "William I." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-WilliamI.html

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William I

World Encyclopedia | 2005 | Copyright

William I (1772–1843) King of the Netherlands (1815–40) whose kingdom included Belgium and Luxembourg. He fought in the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars. His forceful government offended liberals and Roman Catholics, and a revolution in Belgium (1830) was followed by Belgian independence (1839). Compelled to accept a more liberal constitution restricting his powers, he abdicated in favour of his son, William II.

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"William I." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"William I." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-WilliamI2.html

"William I." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-WilliamI2.html

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William I

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

William I prince of Orange: see William the Silent .

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"William I." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"William I." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-X-Will1Orng.html

"William I." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-X-Will1Orng.html

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

	William and kate: 'As far[...]; He always said he'd marry before he turned 28... Newspaper article from: The Mail on Sunday (London, England); 4/11/2010
	William the conqueror; (Mind you, wait until you see what his brother's been... Newspaper article from: The Mail on Sunday (London, England); 6/6/2010
	William At !8: Portraits of a Prince; Every picture tells a story - so we... Newspaper article from: The People (London, England); 6/18/2000