Vyborg

Vyborg , Finnish Viipuri, Swed. Viborg, city (1989 pop. 81,000), NW European Russia, NW of St. Petersburg and near the Finnish border, on Vyborg Bay and the Gulf of Finland. A Baltic port and railroad junction, it is an export center for lumber. It also has shipyards and industries producing farm machinery, electrical equipment, furniture, and paper. Vyborg was a trading point for Novgorod in the 12th cent. but actually grew around a Swedish castle built there in 1293. Vyborg became a port for the Hanseatic League and was chartered in the 15th cent. In 1710 Peter the Great seized Vyborg, and it was incorporated with Finland (then under Russian sovereignty) in 1812. Before 1917, it was a key transit point for revolutionary literature, arms, and agitators going into Russia. Vyborg remained Finnish until 1940, when it was occupied by the Soviet Union. It was recaptured by Finnish forces in 1941 and was finally seized by the Soviets in 1944 and awarded to them by the Finnish-Soviet peace treaty (1947). In the city are a castle (c.1300), a tower (1550), several towers of the town hall (15th-17th cent.), and a fort (18th cent.).

Vyborg, Leningrad/Russia Viipuri Originally built as a fortress and held by the Swedes in 1293–1710 and called ‘Holy Fort’ from the Swedish vi ‘holy’ and borg. During the Great Northern War (1700–21) in 1710 it passed to the Russians who held it until 1918. It then became Finnish when the name was changed to Viipuri, a Finnish version of the Swedish name. It was ceded back to the Soviet Union in 1941 after the Soviet–Finnish Winter War (1939–40) had ended.

Viborg see Vyborg , Russia.