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Vyborg

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

Vyborg , Finnish Viipuri, Swed. Viborg, city (1989 pop. 81,000), NW European Russia, NW of St. Petersburg and near the Finnish border, on Vyborg Bay and the Gulf of Finland. A Baltic port and railroad junction, it is an export center for lumber and the terminus for a natural-gas pipeline to Germany. It also has shipyards and industries producing farm machinery, electrical equipment, furniture, and paper. In the city are a castle (c.1300), a tower (1550), several towers of the town hall (15th–17th cent.), and a fort (18th cent.).

Vyborg was a trading point for Novgorod in the 12th cent. but actually grew around a Swedish castle built there in 1293. Vyborg became a port for the Hanseatic League and was chartered in the 15th cent. In 1710 Peter the Great seized Vyborg, and it was incorporated with Finland (then under Russian sovereignty) in 1812. Before 1917, it was a key transit point for revolutionary literature, arms, and agitators going into Russia. Vyborg remained Finnish until 1940, when it was occupied by the Soviet Union. It was recaptured by Finnish forces in 1941 and was finally seized by the Soviets in 1944 and awarded to them by the Finnish-Soviet peace treaty (1947).

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Vyborg

Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names | 2005 | | Copyright

Vyborg, Leningrad/Russia Viipuri Originally built as a fortress and held by the Swedes in 1293–1710 and called ‘Holy Fort’ from the Swedish vi ‘holy’ and borg. During the Great Northern War (1700–21) in 1710 it passed to the Russians who held it until 1918. It then became Finnish when the name was changed to Viipuri, a Finnish version of the Swedish name. It was ceded back to the Soviet Union in 1941 after the Soviet–Finnish Winter War (1939–40) had ended.

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JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Vyborg." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Vyborg." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Vyborg.html

JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Vyborg." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Vyborg.html

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Viborg

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

Viborg see Vyborg , Russia.

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"Viborg." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"Viborg." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-X-ViborgRus.html

"Viborg." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-X-ViborgRus.html

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

	1000 words: Liisa Roberts; Talks about what's the time in Vyborg? Magazine article from: Artforum International; 3/1/2004
	-Kemira to cut phosphorus discharges at Russian Vyborg. Newspaper article from: Nordic Business Report; 9/30/2010
	Dockwise performs Vyborg float-over in South Korea.(Brief article) Newspaper article from: Nordic Business Report; 7/12/2010