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Waitangi, Treaty of
Waitangi, Treaty of (6 Feb. 1840) A document which defined the relationship between the Maori and European settlers, and which enabled the British colonization of New Zealand. It was drawn up rather hastily, owing to pressure from the settlers who wanted to develop the land and increase immigration to develop a self-sustaining British colony. As a result, there were many inconsistencies between various versions, including the Maori and English versions, whose different interpretations have been at the heart of the disputes between Maoris and other New Zealanders ever since. The treaty contained three articles.1. Maori chiefs agreed to accept the sovereignty (in the Maori text: ‘governorship’) of the English Queen.2. In return, Maoris were guaranteed the full possession of (in the Maori text: ‘chieftainship over’) their lands. The Queen would have ‘exclusive rights of pre-emption’ over lands Maoris wished to sell.3. Maoris were to have the same rights as British subjects (even though British subjects were not subject to a pre-emption clause).
Despite the refusal of a few chiefs to sign, the British representative, William Hobson, proclaimed sovereignty over all of New Zealand on 21 May 1840. During the second half of the twentieth century, there were growing debates about the legality of the treaty, and to what extent White rule over New Zealand was established through cession, proclamation, or occupation. Waitangi Tribunal |
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JAN PALMOWSKI. "Waitangi, Treaty of." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JAN PALMOWSKI. "Waitangi, Treaty of." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O46-WaitangiTreatyof.html JAN PALMOWSKI. "Waitangi, Treaty of." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O46-WaitangiTreatyof.html |
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Waitangi, Treaty of
Waitangi, Treaty of (6 February 1840) A treaty between MAORI chiefs and the British government signed at Waitangi, New Zealand. Some 500 local Maori chiefs of the North Island were present and 46 Head Chiefs signed the document drawn up by the governor, recognizing Queen Victoria's sovereignty over New Zealand in return for recognition of the Maori's rangatiratanga (chieftainship) and land rights, and their rights as British subjects. The treaty cleared the way for a declaration of sovereignty on 21 May 1840. Subsequent encroachment on their lands led to the ANGLO-MAORI WARS of 1860–72, in which Maori independence was overcome. Since its recognition by New Zealand statutes the treaty has since 1975 assumed new importance as a basis of relations between Maori and non-Maori New Zealanders. The Waitangi Tribunal was reconvened in 1975 to consider Maori land claims and in 1985 was given authority to settle claims dating from 1840. In 1994 and 1995 the government agreed to pay compensation to certain Maori tribes whose land was seized illegally by settlers.
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"Waitangi, Treaty of." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Waitangi, Treaty of." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-WaitangiTreatyof.html "Waitangi, Treaty of." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-WaitangiTreatyof.html |
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Waitangi, treaty of
Waitangi, treaty of, 1840. In 1839 the British government dispatched Captain William Hobson to New Zealand where piecemeal and uncontrolled development had already undermined traditional Maori culture. At Waitangi in February 1840 a majority of the Maori chiefs present agreed to cede sovereignty to Queen Victoria in exchange for confirmation of their land and protection. Hobson declared himself lieutenant-governor and proclaimed British sovereignty in May 1840. But Maori disappointment at the persistent encroachments upon their land led to the Maori wars from 1844 until 1872. In 1994 a New Zealand government apologized for breaches of the treaty and promised compensation.
J. A. Cannon |
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JOHN CANNON. "Waitangi, treaty of." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "Waitangi, treaty of." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-Waitangitreatyof.html JOHN CANNON. "Waitangi, treaty of." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-Waitangitreatyof.html |
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Waitangi, treaty of
Waitangi, treaty of, 1840. In 1839 the British government dispatched Captain William Hobson to New Zealand where uncontrolled development had already undermined traditional Maori culture. At Waitangi in February 1840 a majority of the Maori chiefs present agreed to cede sovereignty to Queen Victoria in exchange for confirmation of their land and protection. But Maori disappointment at the persistent encroachments upon their land led to the Maori wars from 1844 until 1872. In 1994 a New Zealand government apologized for breaches of the treaty and promised compensation.
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Cite this article
JOHN CANNON. "Waitangi, treaty of." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "Waitangi, treaty of." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-Waitangitreatyof.html JOHN CANNON. "Waitangi, treaty of." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-Waitangitreatyof.html |
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Waitangi, Treaty of
Waitangi, Treaty of a treaty signed in 1840 at the settlement of Waitangi in New Zealand, which formed the basis of the British annexation of New Zealand. The Maori chiefs of North Island accepted British sovereignty in exchange for protection, and direct purchase of land from the Maoris was forbidden. Subsequent contraventions of the treaty by the British led to the Maori Wars.
Waitangi Day the anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, celebrated as a public holiday in New Zealand on 6 February since 1960. |
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ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Waitangi, Treaty of." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Waitangi, Treaty of." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-WaitangiTreatyof.html ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Waitangi, Treaty of." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-WaitangiTreatyof.html |
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Treaty of Waitangi
Treaty of Waitangi (Feb. 6, 1840), a pact between some Maori tribes of New Zealand and the British Governor William Hobson. The treaty protected Maori land interests in exchange for recognition of British sovereignty, though the Maori version used a term better translated as governorship. Infractions by the settlers' government led to tensions and eventually war. Waitangi Day (Feb. 6) is New Zealand's national birthday. |
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"Treaty of Waitangi." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Treaty of Waitangi." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Waitangi.html "Treaty of Waitangi." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Waitangi.html |
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Waitangi, Treaty of
Waitangi, Treaty of (1840) Pact between Britain and several New Zealand Maori tribes. The agreement protected and provided rights for Maoris, guaranteeing them possession of certain tracts of land, while permitting Britain formally to annex the islands and purchase other land areas.
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Cite this article
"Waitangi, Treaty of." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Waitangi, Treaty of." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-WaitangiTreatyof.html "Waitangi, Treaty of." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-WaitangiTreatyof.html |
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