Iranian History: Biographies

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Shapur I

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

Shapur I or Sapor I , d.272, king of Persia (241–72), son and successor of Ardashir I, of the Sassanid, or Sassanian, dynasty. He was an able warrior king. Although he was defeated by the Roman emperor, Gordian III, in 242, he halted Gordian's advance at Misiche in 244. Gordian's successor, Philip (Philip the Arabian), concluded a peace with him guaranteeing Shapur's power in Armenia and Mesopotamia. In 260 he achieved his greatest triumph by defeating the Roman emperor Valerian at Edessa—a landmark in the decline of Rome. The rise of Odenathus of Palmyra cut into Shapur's territories and even threatened Ctesiphon. Yet Shapur not only maintained Persian power in the west but also rebuilt Persian economy. He promoted a program of public works, and in later years he commissioned the translation of numerous Greek and Indian writings. He placed Mani, the founder of Manichaeism, under his protection.

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"Shapur I." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 29 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

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sapor

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology | 1996 | | Copyright

sapor taste. XV. — L. sapor, f. sapere have a taste; see SAPIENT.

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T. F. HOAD. "sapor." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. 29 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

T. F. HOAD. "sapor." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. (May 29, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-sapor.html

T. F. HOAD. "sapor." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Retrieved May 29, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-sapor.html

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Sapor

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

Sapor see Shapur I , Shapur II , Shapur III .

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"Sapor." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 29 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"Sapor." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 29, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-X-Sapor.html

"Sapor." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 29, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-X-Sapor.html

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

	Gov't ready to restore giant Shapur in cave.(Culture) Newspaper article from: Iran Times International (Washington, DC); 1/29/2010
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