Central European Physical Geography

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Further reading

Kolisch, Rudolf

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music | 1996 | | Copyright

Kolisch, Rudolf (b Klamm am Semmering, 1896; d Watertown, Mass., 1978). Amer. violinist of Austrian birth. After childhood injury, used bow in left hand. Formed Kolisch Qt. 1922, which toured Europe, Africa, and USA where its members settled in 1935. Played standard repertory from memory and championed works by Schoenberg ( Kolisch's brother-in-law after 1924), Berg, and Webern. Gave f.ps. of Schoenberg's 3rd and 4th str. qts. (1927 and 1937), Berg's Lyric Suite (1927), Webern's str. trio (1928) and str. qt. (1938), Bartók's 5th str. qt. (1935) and 6th str. qt. (1941). Quartet disbanded 1941. Kolisch led Pro Arte Qt. from 1942 and taught at Univ. of Wisconsin 1944–67.

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MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE. "Kolisch, Rudolf." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. 12 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE. "Kolisch, Rudolf." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. (February 12, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O76-KolischRudolf.html

MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE. "Kolisch, Rudolf." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 1996. Retrieved February 12, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O76-KolischRudolf.html

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Semmering

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2008 | Copyright

Semmering , scenic resort region of the Eastern Alps, E Austria. The Alps there are crossed by the Semmering Pass, 3,215 ft (980 m) high and 275 ft (84 m) long. Beneath it runs the first mountain railroad in the world (built 1848-54). It passes through 15 tunnels and over 16 viaducts.

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"Semmering." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 12 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"Semmering." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (February 12, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Semmerin.html

"Semmering." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Retrieved February 12, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Semmerin.html

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