Salisbury

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Salisbury (Sarum). Cathedral city in Wiltshire. It originated with an Iron Age hill-fort which housed successively a Roman, Anglo-Saxon, and Norman town. In the 1070s it acquired a cathedral, which in the 12th cent. was a major intellectual centre. In 1219 the bishop moved to a new, level site 1½ miles south; a large cathedral was built in uniform style c.1220–1320, its tower crowned by the tallest surviving medieval spire in Europe. The bishop also laid out a new town on a grid plan, the best-known planned town of medieval England. The city flourished through the cloth industry, becoming the fourth largest English town in the 15th cent.; acquired independence from the bishops in 1612; and lost its cloth industry in the 18th cent. The original town (‘Old Sarum’) had long been deserted, and was the most notorious of the ‘rotten boroughs’ until disfranchised in 1832.

David M. Palliser

Salisbury1 City (1990 pop. 20,592), seat of Wicomico co., Md., on the Eastern Shore , at the head of the Wicomico River; settled 1732, inc. 1872. Poultry raising and processing is the major industry. Clothing, machinery, and boats are manufactured. The city is also a trade center for the Eastern Shore. Salisbury Univ. is there.

2 City (1990 pop. 23,087), seat of Rowan co., W central N.C., in the Piedmont industrial region; inc. 1770. There is food processing, and machinery, furniture, electrical and medical equipment, building materials, textiles and apparel, aluminum, and chemicals are manufactured. Salisbury is the seat of Catawba College and Livingstone College. The city has a number of 18th- and 19th-century buildings, churches, and homes. The national cemetery in Salisbury was the site of one of the largest Confederate prison camps during the Civil War; approximately 11,700 Union soldiers are buried there.

Salisbury or New Sarum , town (1991 pop. 36,890), Wiltshire, S England. A market town, Salisbury was founded in 1220 when the bishopric was moved there from Old Sarum . Squares or "checkers" are characteristic of the regular plan of the town. Industries include cattle and poultry marketing, brewing, leatherwork, and printing. The cathedral, a splendid example of Early English architecture with the highest spire in England (404 ft/123 m), was built mainly between 1220 and 1260. Some of the materials were brought from the razed cathedral of Old Sarum. The 13th-century palace of the bishops, numerous medieval churches and other old buildings, and the Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum are of interest. There is a teacher-training college and a theological college. The town is the Melchester of Thomas Hardy 's Wessex novels. Stonehenge is 10 mi (16 km) to the north.

Salisbury (Sarum). Cathedral city in Wiltshire. It originated with an Iron Age hill‐fort which housed successively a Roman, Anglo‐Saxon, and Norman town. In the 1070s it acquired a cathedral, which in the 12th cent. was a major intellectual centre. In 1219 the bishop moved to a new, level site 1" miles south; a large cathedral was built in uniform style c.1220–1320, its tower crowned by the tallest surviving medieval spire in Europe. The city flourished through the cloth industry, becoming the fourth largest English town in the 15th cent.

Salisbury. Herman, Bp. of Ramsbury, who united the dioceses of Ramsbury and Sherborne in 1058, transferred the see to Old Sarum in 1075. His successor, St Osmund, completed a cathedral, constituted a chapter, and drew up offices, which perhaps formed the basis of the Sarum Rite (see the next entry). Richard Poore moved the see to New Sarum or Salisbury in 1219 and in 1220 laid the foundation of the new cathedral, completed in 1266. The spire, built between 1334 and 1350, is the highest in England.

Salisbury Wilts. Searobyrg c.900, Sarisberie 1086 (DB). ‘Stronghold at Sorvio’. OE burh (dative byrig) added to reduced form of original Celtic name Sorviodunum (obscure word + Celtic *dūno- ‘fort’), this referring in the 4th cent. Antonine Itinerary to the Iron Age hill-fort at Old Sarum. The form Sarum, found from the 14th cent., arises from a misreading of the abbreviated spelling Sar' for Sarisberie and the like in medieval documents.

Salisbury Former name of Harare

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