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Cyril, St
Cyril, St (d. 444), Patr. of Alexandria from 412. The most important of the many conflicts in which he engaged arose out of the support given by Nestorius, Patr. of Constantinople, to a chaplain who objected to the application of the word Theotokos (the ‘one who gave birth to God’) to the BVM on the ground that she was the mother of only the humanity of Christ. Cyril defended the contested word in his Paschal letter for 429. He then persuaded Pope Celestine I to summon a synod at Rome in 430 and condemn Nestorius. Cyril, who had been delegated to act for Celestine, had the condemnation repeated in his own synod at Alexandria and sent Nestorius a letter appending for his acceptance 12 anathemas. At the Council of Ephesus (431) he had Nestorius deposed before the Antiochene bishops arrived. The Antiochenes held a separate council and deposed Cyril, but in 433 he reached agreement with the moderate Antiochenes.
The most brilliant representative of the Alexandrian theological tradition, Cyril put into systematic form the classical Greek doctrines of the Trinity and of the Person of Christ. His writings are marked by precision in exposition, accuracy in thought, and skill in reasoning, though they lack elegance. They include letters, exegetical works, treatises on dogmatic theology, and sermons. Feast day in the E., 9 June; in the W., 27 June (formerly, 9 Feb.). |
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E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Cyril, St." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Cyril, St." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-CyrilSt1.html E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Cyril, St." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-CyrilSt1.html |
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Saint Cyril
Saint Cyril (Saint Cyril of Alexandria) , d. AD 444, patriarch of Alexandria (412–44), doctor of the church, known for his animosity toward heretics and heathens. He drove the Jews from Alexandria, and under his rule Hypatia was killed. The great episode in his career was his struggle against Nestorianism , which culminated in the Council of Ephesus in 431 (see Ephesus, Council of ). There Cyril presided and had the full support of Pope Celestine I . He returned triumphant, but he continued to be opposed by the Antiochene bishops, who tended toward Nestorianism; consequently, they stayed out of communion with Alexandria, and so with the church, for two years. In 433, Cyril consented to a compromise with Antioch by declaring that Christ had two natures, human and divine, and that in speaking of one nature he meant one Person. St. Cyril wrote much on theology, particularly on the problem of the Trinity. His doctrines, though deemed orthodox in his time, were in a sense a preface to those of Eutyches and of Monophysitism . Feast: Feb. 9. |
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"Saint Cyril." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Saint Cyril." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Cyril-St.html "Saint Cyril." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Cyril-St.html |
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Cyril, St
Cyril, St (c.315–87), Bp. of Jerusalem from c.349. In 357 Acacius, the Arian Bp. of Caesarea, had Cyril banished on the ground of his opposition to Arianism, but the Council of Seleucia recalled him in 359. Later Cyril's beliefs about the Godhead of Christ became suspect in the opposite quarter because he disliked as man-made the term Homoousios. The Council of Antioch in 379 sent St Gregory of Nyssa to investigate; he reported that the faith of the Church of Jerusalem was sound.
Cyril's most important surviving work is a series of addresses given to candidates for Baptism. The (pre-Lenten) ‘Procatechesis’ and the ‘Catecheses’ (given in Lent) were delivered c.350; the ‘Mystagogic Catecheses’ (given in the week after Easter) came late in his episcopate, unless they are the work of his successor. The series provides much material on the liturgy. Feast day, 18 Mar. |
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Cite this article
E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Cyril, St." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Cyril, St." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-CyrilSt.html E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Cyril, St." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-CyrilSt.html |
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Cyril, St
Cyril, St (826–69) and Methodius, St (c.815–85), the ‘Apostles of the Slavs’. In 862 the two brothers were sent from Constantinople as missionaries to what is now Moravia. Cyril invented an alphabet (probably Glagolitic), adopted Slavonic in the liturgy, and circulated a Slavonic version of the Bible. He died in Rome. Methodius was then consecrated bishop and returned to Moravia. He met with resistance from the German bishops and Pope John VIII for a time withdrew permission to use Slavonic as the regular liturgical language. Feast day in the E., 11 May; in the W., 14 Feb. (formerly, 9 Mar. and then 7 July).
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Cite this article
E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Cyril, St." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Cyril, St." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-CyrilStMethodiusSt.html E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Cyril, St." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-CyrilStMethodiusSt.html |
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Cyril, St
Cyril, St (826–69), Greek missionary. He and his brother, St Methodius, were sent to Moravia where they taught in the vernacular, which they adopted also for the liturgy, and circulated a Slavic version of the scriptures. His feast day (in the Eastern Church) is 11 May; (in the Western Church) is 14 February.
The invention of the Cyrillic alphabet, used by many Slavic peoples, chiefly those with a historical allegiance to the Orthodox Church, is ascribed to him. Ultimately derived from Greek uncials, it is now used for Russian, Bulgarian, Serbian, Ukrainian, and some other Slavic languages. |
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ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Cyril, St." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Cyril, St." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-CyrilSt.html ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Cyril, St." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-CyrilSt.html |
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Cyril, St
Cyril, St (d. 444). Patriarch of Alexandria from 412, and church father. His career after c.430 was dominated by the controversy over church authority (he drove out schismatic followers of Novatian), christology, and specifically by his opposition to Nestorius. The Neoplatonist philosopher, Hypatia, was murdered by the mob, possibly at Cyril's instigation. The episode evoked a novel by Charles Kingsley. In the E. he is ‘the Seal of the Fathers’, in the W. a doctor of the Church (since 1882).
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JOHN BOWKER. "Cyril, St." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN BOWKER. "Cyril, St." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-CyrilSt.html JOHN BOWKER. "Cyril, St." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-CyrilSt.html |
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Cyril, St
Cyril, St (826–69) Greek missionary. The invention of the Cyrillic alphabet is ascribed to him. He and his brother St Methodius (c.815–85) became known as the ‘Apostles to the Slavs’. Sent to Moravia, they taught in the vernacular, which they adopted also for the liturgy, and circulated a Slavonic version of the Scriptures.
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Cite this article
"Cyril, St." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Cyril, St." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-CyrilSt.html "Cyril, St." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-CyrilSt.html |
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Cyril, Saint
Cyril, Saint (826–69) Greek Christian missionary. With his brother, Methodius, he is one of the two so-called “Apostles to the Slavs” who were sent to convert the Khazars and Moravians to Christianity. Cyril is said to have invented the Cyrillic alphabet. His feast day is February 14 (West); May 11 (East).
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Cite this article
"Cyril, Saint." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Cyril, Saint." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-CyrilSaint.html "Cyril, Saint." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-CyrilSaint.html |
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