Rudyard Kipling

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Rudyard Kipling

The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition | 2008 | The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright 2008 Columbia University Press. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Rudyard Kipling 1865-1936, English author, b. Bombay (now Mumbai), India. Educated in England, Kipling returned to India in 1882 and worked as an editor on a Lahore paper. His early poems were collected in Departmental Ditties (1886), Barrack-Room Ballads (1892), and other volumes. His first short stories of Anglo-Indian life appeared in Plain Tales from the Hills (1888) and Soldiers Three (1888). In 1889 he returned to London, where his novel The Light That Failed (1890) appeared. Kipling's masterful stories and poems interpreted India in all its heat, strife, and ennui. His romantic imperialism and his characterization of the true Englishman as brave, conscientious, and self-reliant did much to enhance his popularity. These views are reflected in such well-known poems as "The White Man's Burden," "Loot," "Mandalay," "Gunga Din," and Recessional (1897).

In London in 1892, he married Caroline Balestier, an American, and lived in Vermont for four years. There he wrote children's stories, The Jungle Book (1894) and Second Jungle Book (1895), Kim (1901), Just So Stories (1902), and Captains Courageous (1897). Returning to England in 1900, he lived in Sussex, the setting of Puck of Pook's Hill (1906). Other works include Stalky and Co. (1899) and his famous poem "If" (1910). England's first Nobel Prize winner in literature (1907), he is buried in Westminster Abbey.

Bibliography: See his Something of Myself (1937); biographies by J. I. M. Stewart (1966), J. Harrison (1982), H. Ricketts (2000), and D. Gilmour (2002); studies by J. M. S. Tompkins (2d ed. 1965), V. A. Shashane (1973), R. F. Moss (1982), and P. Mallett, ed. (1989).

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Kipling, Rudyard

The Oxford Companion to American Literature | 1995 | | © The Oxford Companion to American Literature 1995, originally published by Oxford University Press 1995. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Kipling, Rudyard (1865–1936), British poet, novelist, and writer of short stories, came to the U.S. (1889) via California, resided for several years after 1892 at Brattleboro, Vt., with his brother‐in‐law Wolcott Balestier, with whom he wrote The Naulahka (1892), but with whom he later quarreled. Captains Courageous (1897) is Kipling's own work concerned with the American scene.

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James D. Hart and and Phillip W. Leininger. "Kipling, Rudyard." The Oxford Companion to American Literature. Oxford University Press. 1995. Encyclopedia.com. 24 Nov. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

James D. Hart and and Phillip W. Leininger. "Kipling, Rudyard." The Oxford Companion to American Literature. Oxford University Press. 1995. Encyclopedia.com. (November 24, 2009). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O123-KiplingRudyard.html

James D. Hart and and Phillip W. Leininger. "Kipling, Rudyard." The Oxford Companion to American Literature. Oxford University Press. 1995. Retrieved November 24, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O123-KiplingRudyard.html

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

Free Article Rudyard Kipling & the god of things as they are.
Magazine article from: New Criterion; 3/1/2000
Free Article Constructing the Englishman in Rudyard Kipling's Letters of Marque.(Critical Essay)
Magazine article from: Yearbook of English Studies; 1/1/2004
Free Article Kipling and India.(Kipling Sahib: India and the Making of Rudyard Kipling)(Book review)
Magazine article from: Contemporary Review; 12/22/2008

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The Outsider - A profile of the restless wanderer, Rudyard Kipling.
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