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Rudolf Hess
Rudolf Hess 1894–1987, German National Socialist leader, b. Alexandria, Egypt; son of a German merchant. In 1920 he became an ardent follower of Adolf Hitler and after the Munich "beer-hall putsch" (1923) shared Hitler's imprisonment. Hitler dictated Mein Kampf to him. In 1933 he became deputy Führer and minister without portfolio. In 1939, Hitler named him second in line of succession after Hermann Goering . Hess created a worldwide sensation when he stole an airplane and flew (May, 1941) from Augsburg to Scotland (where he was arrested), apparently in an attempt to negotiate a peace agreement with Great Britain. At the Nuremberg war-crimes trial he was sentenced (1946) to life imprisonment at Spandau prison. Hess's behavior both before and during his trial raised questions as to his sanity. At the time of his death, he was Spandau's last remaining prisoner.
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"Rudolf Hess." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Rudolf Hess." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Hess-Rud.html "Rudolf Hess." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Hess-Rud.html |
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Hess, Rudolf
Hess, Rudolf (b. 26 Apr. 1894, d. 17 Aug. 1987). Hitler's deputy 1933–41 He joined the Nazi Party in 1922, and following the Hitler Putsch he served his prison sentence together with Hitler, whose dictations for his book Mein Kampf he wrote down. As a result, he became Hitler's private secretary in 1925, and Minister without Portfolio in 1933. He made a major contribution to the emergence of the cult around Hitler, which was popularized by the propaganda of J. Goebbels. On 10 May 1941, he flew to Scotland on his own initiative to try to conclude a separate peace with the British. He was imprisoned and sentenced at the Nuremberg Trials to lifelong imprisonment, which he spent at the Spandau Prison, being from 1966 its sole inmate. After repeated Soviet refusals of a pardon, he committed suicide.
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JAN PALMOWSKI. "Hess, Rudolf." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JAN PALMOWSKI. "Hess, Rudolf." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O46-HessRudolf.html JAN PALMOWSKI. "Hess, Rudolf." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O46-HessRudolf.html |
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Hess, (Walther Richard) Rudolf
Hess, (Walther Richard) Rudolf (1894–1987) German politician. He was deputy leader of the Nazi Party (1934–41) and a close friend of Hitler. In 1941, secretly and on his own initiative, he parachuted into Scotland to negotiate peace with Britain. He was imprisoned for the duration of the war, and after his conviction at the Nuremberg war trials was sentenced to life imprisonment in Spandau prison, where he died.
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"Hess, (Walther Richard) Rudolf." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Hess, (Walther Richard) Rudolf." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-HessWaltherRichardRudolf.html "Hess, (Walther Richard) Rudolf." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-HessWaltherRichardRudolf.html |
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Hess, Rudolf
Hess, Rudolf (1894–1987) German Nazi leader. He joined the Nazi Party in 1921, and took part in the abortive Munich Putsch. Hess was nominal deputy leader under Adolf Hitler from 1933. In 1941, he flew to Scotland in a mysterious one-man effort to make peace with the British. In 1945, he was sentenced to life imprisonment at the Nuremberg Trials and died in Spandau Prison, Berlin, for many years its sole inmate.
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"Hess, Rudolf." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Hess, Rudolf." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-HessRudolf.html "Hess, Rudolf." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-HessRudolf.html |
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