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Inter‐American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance
Inter‐American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (1947).The United States signed the Inter‐American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance—popularly known as the Rio Treaty—with the twenty Latin American nations in 1947 in Brazil. This regional security pact, permitted under Article 51 of the United Nations Charter, incorporated the principle that an attack against one was to be considered an attack against all. Signatories would decide by a two‐thirds majority what kind of collective action might be taken against aggression. No nation would be required, however, to use force without its consent. The treaty continued the military cooperation that had characterized inter‐American relations during World War II. The Rio Treaty was also a Cold War pact aimed at the Soviet Union.
In practice, the treaty has been largely invoked, in conjunction with the consultative organs of the Organization of the American States (1948), to resolve intrahemispheric controversies, such as the dispute between Costa Rica and Nicaragua in 1955 or the Dominican Republic's attack on Venezuelan president Rómulo Betancourt in 1960. President John F. Kennedy did cite the Rio Treaty in justifying his quarantine order during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. But usually when the United States decided that the Soviet Union threatened its hemispheric interests, Washington bypassed the treaty and acted unilaterally, as in Guatemala (1954), Cuba (1961), the Dominican Republic (1965), Chile (1970–73), and Nicaragua (1980s). The United States also refused the request of Latin American nations to invoke the Rio Treaty against Great Britain during the 1982 Anglo‐Argentine war over the Falkland Islands. [See also Caribbean and Latin America, U.S. Military Involvement in the.] Bibliography J. Lloyd Mecham , The United States and Inter‐American Security, 1889–1960, 1961. Stephen G. Rabe |
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John Whiteclay Chambers II. "Inter‐American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance." The Oxford Companion to American Military History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. John Whiteclay Chambers II. "Inter‐American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance." The Oxford Companion to American Military History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O126-IntrmrcnTrtyfRcprclssstnc.html John Whiteclay Chambers II. "Inter‐American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance." The Oxford Companion to American Military History. 2000. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O126-IntrmrcnTrtyfRcprclssstnc.html |
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Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance
Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (Rio de Janeiro Treaty) (Sept. 1947) A security agreement signed and ratified by all of the 21 American republics, which formalized and extended the informal security pact against Germany and Japan during World War II in response to the emerging Cold War. A pact against aggression from outside and within the alliance, it was regarded by most members as a multilateral mechanism for the maintenance of peace and stability across the region, whereas the US considered it to be another bloc against the spread of Communism. It was invoked in a number of regional conflicts, such as those between Nicaragua and Costa Rica in 1949, 1955, and 1959. At the same time, it has also been used to justify US intervention in the member states' domestic affairs, such as those in Grenada (1983) or Panama (1989). Since 1948 it has been complemented by the formation of a political alliance, the OAS.
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JAN PALMOWSKI. "Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JAN PALMOWSKI. "Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O46-IntrmrcnTrtyfRcprclssstnc.html JAN PALMOWSKI. "Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O46-IntrmrcnTrtyfRcprclssstnc.html |
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Rio Treaty
Rio Treaty (Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance), signed Sept. 2, 1947, and originally ratified by all 21 American republics. Under the treaty, an armed attack or threat of aggression against a signatory nation, whether by a member nation or by some other power, will be considered an attack against all (see Pan-Americanism ). The treaty provides that no member can use force without the unanimous consent of the other signatories, but that other measures against aggressors may be approved by a two-thirds majority. It differs from previous inter-American treaties in that it is a regional treaty within a larger international organization; it recognizes the higher authority of the Security Council of the United Nations. |
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"Rio Treaty." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Rio Treaty." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-RioTreat.html "Rio Treaty." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-RioTreat.html |
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Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance
Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance an agreement signed by the United States and twenty Latin American nations in September 1947, during the Cold War, to establish regional collective defense against Communist aggression. A pact permitted under Article 51 of the United Nations Charter, it included the principle that an attack against one was considered an attack against all. Also known as the Rio Treaty.
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Cite this article
"Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance." The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance." The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O63-IntrmrcnTrtyfRcprclssstnc.html "Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance." The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military. 2001. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O63-IntrmrcnTrtyfRcprclssstnc.html |
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Rio Treaty
Rio Treaty see Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance
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Cite this article
"Rio Treaty." The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Rio Treaty." The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O63-RioTreaty.html "Rio Treaty." The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military. 2001. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O63-RioTreaty.html |
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