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Qumran

Qumran

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

Qumran , ancient village on the northwest shore of the Dead Sea, in what is now the Israeli-occupied West Bank. It is famous for its caves, in some of which the Dead Sea Scrolls were found. Archaeological work at Qumran has yielded a profile of its history. In Israelite times it was the site of a small settlement and was probably called the city of Salt (Joshua 15.62). Between c.130 BC and c.110 BC Qumran was rebuilt. It was destroyed (31 BC) by an earthquake and was rebuilt c.4 BC The Romans destroyed it (AD 68) and made use of the site as a military fortress.

The first archaeologists to excavate the later Jewish ruins at Qumran identified them with the ascetic community that produced the Dead Sea Scroll known as the Manual of Discipline, but recent interpretations by other archaeologists have suggested the inhabitants of the ruins lived in relative luxury and that the scrolls may have come from Jerusalem. Most recently, some archaelogists have proposed that Qumran was a pottery manufacturing center before its destruction by the Romans. At present, scholars do not agree on whether any link can be established between the ruins at Qumran and the scrolls found in the nearby caves.

Bibliography: See C. T. Frisch, The Qumran Community (1956, repr. 1972); J. van der Ploeg, The Excavations at Qumran (1958).

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Qumran

A Dictionary of the Bible | 1997 | | Copyright

Qumran The modern Arabic name for the site of the monastery on the Dead Sea, 14.4 km. (9 miles) south of Jericho, accommodating a group usually regarded as Essene in character. The scrolls were discovered in caves nearby in 1947 and following years, and the site of the monastery was excavated. It was occupied by a community from the middle of the 2nd cent. BCE until it was overrun by the Romans in the war of 66–70 CE.
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W. R. F. BROWNING. "Qumran." A Dictionary of the Bible. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

W. R. F. BROWNING. "Qumran." A Dictionary of the Bible. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O94-Qumran.html

W. R. F. BROWNING. "Qumran." A Dictionary of the Bible. 1997. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O94-Qumran.html

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Qumran

The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable | 2006 | | Copyright

Qumran a region on the western shore of the Dead Sea; the Dead Sea Scrolls were found (1947–56) in caves at nearby Khirbet Qumran, the site of an ancient Jewish settlement. Qumran also denotes the religious community located in Khirbet Qumran during the beginning of the Christian era, which preserved the scrolls.
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ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Qumran." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Qumran." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-Qumran.html

ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Qumran." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-Qumran.html

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Qumran

World Encyclopedia | 2005 | Copyright

Qumran Ancient village on the nw shore of the Dead Sea, in the Israeli-occupied West Bank. In 1947, the Dead Sea Scrolls (writings of a Jewish sect that settled in Qumran c.100 bc–ad 68) were found in nearby caves.
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Qumran

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church | 2000 | | Copyright

Qumran. The site of some ruins at the NW end of the Dead Sea, near which the first of the Dead Sea Scrolls was found in 1947; further finds were made in later years.
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E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Qumran." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Qumran." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-Qumran.html

E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Qumran." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-Qumran.html

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Qumran

Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes | 2007 | Copyright

Qumran •Abadan, Abidjan, Amman, Antoine, Arne, Aswan, Avon, Azerbaijan, Baltistan, Baluchistan, Bantustan, barn, Bhutan, Dagestan, darn, dewan, Farne, guan, Hahn, Hanuman, Hindustan, Huascarán, Iban, Iran, Isfahan, Juan, Kazakhstan, khan, Koran, Kurdistan, Kurgan, Kyrgyzstan, macédoine, Mahon, maidan, Marne, Michoacán, Oman, Pakistan, pan, Pathan, Qumran, Rajasthan, Shan, Siân, Sichuan, skarn, soutane, Sudan, Tai'an, t'ai chi ch'uan, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Taklimakan, tarn, Tatarstan, Tehran, Tenochtitlán, Turkestan, Turkmenistan, tzigane, Uzbekistan, Vientiane, yarn, Yinchuan, yuan, Yucatán •Autobahn • Lindisfarne •Bildungsroman • Nisan • Khoisan •Afghanistan • bhagwan • Karajan

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

Qumran Studies: New Approaches, New Questions.(Book review)
Magazine article from: Biblical Theology Bulletin; 8/1/2009
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Magazine article from: The Journal of the American Oriental Society; 7/1/2005
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Magazine article from: Hebrew Studies Journal; 1/1/2005

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